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Paper Money Collecting FAQ |
Section 2 of 2 - Prev - Next
http://www.tias.com/krause/
A good site with images of USA and some World notes
http://very.simplenet.com/currency/
History of money (good)
http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/northamerica.html
Irish banknotes and coins (ok)
http://www.hursley.ibm.com/Ireland/coins/coins.html
Polish banknotes and coins (ok)
http://www.personal-engin.umich.edu/~zbigniew/Money/money.html
Slovakian banknotes and coins (ok)
http://www.eunet.sk/slovakia/money.html
Canadian Paper Money (ok)
http://web.idirect.com/~mjp/mjpcpm.html
World paper Money (ok)
http://web.idirect.com/~mjp/mjpwpm.html
Hamilton Coin Collectors page (has links to good pages)
http://www.hamilton.on.ca/Information/sports/leisure/coin/Index.html
U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing (wimpy)
http://www.ustreas.gov/treasury/bureaus/bep/bep.html
Minneapolis Fed Site with image of new US $100 note
http://woodrow.mpls.frb.fed.us
World Banknote Collectors Web Site
http://members.aol.com/TLWolf/banknotes/index.htm
Smithsonian (good set of obsolete note images)
http://www.si.edu/organiza/museums/nmah/homepage/numismatics/numismatics.html
So far, in my humble opinion, nobody has created a truly Excellent
page for paper money. Take this as a challenge: First one who
gets their paper money web page designated "Cool Site of the Day"
(http://www.infi.net/cool.html) will be forever honored in the
Credits section of this FAQ.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
2. "I FOUND A..." QUESTIONS
Paper money has both a market value and a personal value. These
two things are very different. There are big time dealers who
keep a note from circulation just because it has an interesting
serial number or for other sentimental reasons. Don't let "market"
forces blur the real meaning of being a collector.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.1) How do I get a banknote officially appraised?
The only way to *really* determine the value of a note
is to have a reasonably qualified person look at the note.
Sometimes a collector will send a photocopy of both sides
of a note for identification rather than the note itself.
If you want a best effort, members of rec.collecting.paper-money
can almost always identify a note, given enough information
about it. See the "I found a note from country XYZZY" section
for what information to include about the note.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.2) I found a US 1935/1953/1957 Silver Certificate in
circulation, how much is it worth?
This is by far the most common paper money question asked in
rec.collecting.paper-money and the answer is almost always that it's
only worth face value on the market. If the note is in absolutely
uncirculated condition, it might be worth a little bit more (ten
dollar notes can be worth many times face value in UNC condition).
There are some varieties of silver certificates from these series
that are worth a good deal of money, but nearly all of the silver
certificates which show up in circulation aren't worth much.
It might be worth something to you, and that's what really
counts.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.3) Is a US 1963-1993 note worth anything?
Usually not. Notes from 1963 onward were collected in large
quantities and the supply of most notes is not going to be limited
anytime soon. Of course notes with errors, replacement notes (with
stars next to serial number), low serial numbers, interesting
serial numbers, etc. can be worth much more than face value.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.4) Are US two dollar bills worth anything?
A 1976 two dollar bill has no inherent market value unless
there's something else about it to make it valuable. A number
of other two dollar bills have been printed with series
1963, 1953, 1928 and previous. The older notes are generally
worth more, but their value depends on the signatures.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.5) I found a very old banknote in perfect condition in a very
old book, what should I do?
Treat it as if it was worth thousands of dollars until you find
out its real market value. People *do* find rare notes in books
in this manner every now and then.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.6) I found a note from country XYZZY, how much is it worth?
Many people have had notes identified on rec.collecting.paper-money
by posting a description of the note and having the resident
experts identify it. I've even identified notes which were
digially scanned with the image sent to me via e-mail where
I displayed and identified them (e-mailing the response).
If you want to get a rough estimate on the value of a
particular note, you need to provide a lot of information
about it. Sometimes, the value of a note can differ based
on dates, color, or even the number of digits in the serial
number (although not usually). The key things to include
are these eleven things...
1: country (if you can't tell, describe the lettering as best
as possible and any features which might help identify country).
2: units of currency (e.g. pesos, pesos oro, francs, pa'anga, dollars,
dollars in gold coin, new cruzeiros, really-really-new cruzieros)
3: denomination (1? 2? 3? 5? 6 1/2? 100,000,000?)
4: issuing authority if any (e.g. Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking
Corporation, Federal Reserve Bank, The United States, Northern Bank
Ltd.)
5: type of note, if indicated (e.g. silver certificate, military
payment certificate, interest bearing note)
6: date, if any, anywhere on note (look carefully)
7: all identifying features (e.g. portrait of bald guy lower left,
naked woman riding shark on front left, tall building on front center,
security thread in paper, overprint reading CHUNGKING)
8: colors (e.g. red and green on front, black ink on back)
9: condition of note (see section on grading notes) This is most
important since the value usually varies tremendously depending
on condition. This generally implies you shouldn't be mishandling
the note yourself.
10: signatures, if you can read them. Sometimes value depends on this.
Occasionally, the value depends on the title of the people who signed
the note.
11: watermark, if the note has one. Often the value of a note depends
on the type of watermark.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.7) I found a US Federal Reserve Note with the little
numbers in the wrong place. Is it counterfeit?
It's probably a web press note. The BEP has been experimenting with
new web presses beginning with the 1988 series notes. These presses
use a continuous roll of paper, rather than the individual sheets
used for the regular presses. They also use a 96-subject plate,
rather than the 32-subject plate, so the plate position
indicators, at upper left on the face of the note are eliminated.
The plate check numbers at lower right on the face and back, usually
a letter and up to four digit number, have been replaced by a one or
two-digit number. (On the regular notes FW in front of the PC number
indicates that the notes were printed at Fort Worth, Texas, rather
than at Washington, DC.) On the web notes the back PC number has been
moved to the upper right.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.8) I found a note with a star next to the serial number, what
does this mean?
It's a replacement note. When errors are found on notes
during the printing process, the notes are destroyed and
replaced with "replacement notes". This is so a range of
serial numbers contains a predictable number of notes. The
replacement notes have their own serial number range which
is independent of the regular notes. The US error rate is
supposed to be something on the order of one per 100,000
notes.
Replacement notes are generally worth more than regular
notes, especially in combination with an already rare note
or low serial number. As always, condition is very important.
Most counties have replacement notes, although not all
of them use a star marking to identify them. Some countries
use a "Z" or "ZZ" indicator in the serial number or some other
method.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.9) I found a banknote that says "The Japanese Government",
what is it?
It's Japanese Invasion Money (JIM). This was printed by Japan
for use in The Philippines, Malaya (not Malaysia), Burma, and
Oceania during World War II (and presumably beyond) as part of
the so called Co-Prosperity Sphere. Enormous quantities of these
notes were printed and most of them are worth very little. However,
they have an interesting history. Some have various overprints on
them.
Here's a rundown on the different monetary units:
Burma: rupees/cents (block letters starting with "B")
Philippines: pesos/centavos
Malaya: dollars/cents (block letters starting with "M")
Oceania: pounds/shillings (block letters starting with "O")
Netherlands Indies: gulden/cents (block letters starting with "S" -
"De Japansche Regeering" instead of "The Japanese
Government")
The Malaya notes have been touted as "invasion" money made for the
conquering of the U.S., but this is not correct.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.10) I found a note marked "SPECIMEN" with a serial number
of all zeros, what is it?
Specimen notes are printed for banks and law enforcement as a reference
to identify notes. Most countries have specimen notes where the word
"specimen" is printed in the local language. Sometimes the notes are
perforated with the word.
Specimen notes are often worth more than notes for circulation, but
there are exceptions, especially when lots of specimen notes are created
for collectors. Specimen notes aren't legal tender so they don't
have a face value.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.11) I found a Chinese banknote that is labelled "Hell",
what is it?
When I first started collecting paper money, I had a Chinese note
which I couldn't identify, so I asked a colleague who was from Taiwan.
Figuring "Hell" was probably some obscure province in China I asked
him where the note came from. After he stopped laughing, he explained
to me that a Buddhist tradition is to create paper money which is
supposedly legal tender in the Hell afterlife. This paper is then
burned so that dead ancestors who might have ended up in Hell would
have something to spend. Some people even create paper cars, houses,
etc. and burn them so their ancestors can have basic luxuries. Noting
that the denomination on the note was one million, my colleague figured
there must be severe inflation in Hell.
How much are these notes worth? Face value. :-)
Some people collect various forms of hell money.
------------------------------
Subject: 2.12) What is a watermark?
Most countries have banknotes with watermarks. The USA added a watermark
to its new $100 note in 1996 (and some people in the USA were curious if it
was some kind of subliminal message).
A watermark is simply a design that's within the paper of the note itself
which can only be seen when viewing the note with a strong light behind it
(i.e. you can only see it when light is passing through the note). Watermarks
are an effective, although very old, anti-counterfeiting device.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
3. USA PAPER MONEY
------------------------------
Subject: 3.1) I heard the US is changing its paper money, is this true?
Some of it has already changed. The series 1990 (and 1993)
10, 20, 50, and 100 dollar notes have had two major security
features added. Each has a plastic security thread/ribbon running
vertically through the note with writing such as "USA TEN",
"USA TWENTY", "USA 100". Also, around the portrait is very very
small lettering called microprinting that spells out "The United
States of America", which supposedly can't be copied by color copiers
(which is not entirely true).
The BEP released a completely overhauled 100 dollar note in April 1996.
The portrait was enlarged and moved over to the side, a watermark was
added, and several new anti-counterfeiting features were added such as
color shifting ink (it's dark green when viewed directly head on and
black when tilted) and concentric circle printing on the reverse, so that
attempts at photocopying the note will result in odd patterns appearing
in the copy. The general opinion among collectors is that the new $100
is ugly and has less than ideal quality printing.
Following the 100 dollar note, a new 50 dollar note is planned
to be released in 1997, a new 20 dollar note in 1998, and so forth
all the way down to a new 1 dollar note in 2001.
The current style notes will remain legal tender (see section 3.11).
But since the average U.S. note lasts 18 months in circulation, it
won't take long for the older notes to disappear from circulation.
Thus, it will be harder to pass counterfeit older style notes as they
will attract too much attention.
Of course this *doesn't* mean that the current notes will become
even the least bit rare. The old common Silver Certificates that
went out of circulation decades ago are still worthless as investments.
So don't hold your breath waiting for 1988, 1990, 1993, etc. notes to
increase in value.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.2) What is a National Banknote?
After the US Civil War (1865-1935), the US government created
charters for private banks to print paper money which was backed
by the US Government. There were a very large number of national
banks chartered from all over the USA (e.g. Nashville, Tennessee;
Key West, Florida; Bismarck, North Dakota; L.A., California).
Many people collect "nationals" and the prices have gone up
substantially (to around the 150 dollar level on average).
------------------------------
Subject: 3.3) What are Silver Certificates and Gold Certificates?
From 1878 through 1957, the US issued Silver Certificates, most
of which looked similar to current US paper money. These were
backed by silver. In a similar manner, Gold Certificates were
issued from 1863 to 1922 and were backed by real gold.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.4) Can you exchange Silver Certificates for real silver?
Up until 1968, you could exchange your Silver Certificates for
real silver. Nowadays you can't.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.5) I heard that some US notes are stamped HAWAII, why?
During World War II, the US wanted to keep Hawaii's
paper money isolated from the rest of the USA just in
case Japan invaded Hawaii and confiscated the paper.
Nowadays, the stamped notes are worth a considerable
premium, in the better conditions.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.6) What is fractional currency?
During and after the Civil War, the US began to run short on
change, so it printed paper money with denominations of less than
one dollar. These are generally smaller than other paper and are
more affordable than the larger notes of that era. Denominations
are 3, 5, 10, 15, 25, and 50 cents.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.7) What is obsolete currency (broken banknotes, wildcat notes)?
Before there were National banknotes (1790-1865), many private banks
issued their own paper money without US Government backing. Many of
these notes become worthless when banks closed. Many of them were
counterfeited and altered. When the national bank system was created,
privately issued paper money was taxed to the point of being effectively
outlawed. Unlike US Government paper which has always remained legal
tender, obsolete banknotes are now... obsolete.
If you ever think we live in chaotic times rife with unethical
opportunistic swindlers, just read about the history of these notes
and the 1990s will look tame.
Obsolete notes are more affordable than national banknotes and
more interesting, as far as I'm concerned. :-)
------------------------------
Subject: 3.8) I heard there are a lot of counterfeit US notes worldwide,
is this true?
A great number of counterfeit hundred dollar bills are showing up
all over the world, but especially in Europe. This is one of the
driving forces for changing the US currency. Although the impact
of the counterfeit notes on the US economy is tiny, they undermine
the worldwide respect for the reliable greenback. Speculation is
that these notes are being printed in Iran and Syria
In addition to these, color copiers make it easy to make realistic
looking counterfeits. See the next section for information about
copying U.S. banknotes.
Counterfeit notes are illegal to own, sell, trade, give away or
any other form of disposal. They should be turned in to the Secret
Service. You can be jailed for collecting counterfeits.
The Secret Service reported that 209 million dollars in counterfeit
US money was seized in 1994. There was $110 million seized in
1993.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.9) Is it illegal to copy U.S. paper money?
It is illegal to make *any* color copies of any kind of
small-size U.S. notes. They may only be copied in black and white
and must be larger than 150 percent of the note size, or less than
75 percent of the note size. Large size notes may be copied in
color, but the official regulations setting out the specifics
HAVE NOT BEEN ISSUED. To be on the safe side, use the 150-75
formula set up for black and white photos.
Writing "COPY" or something similar, or copying only a
portion of a note does not exempt you from the copying law. The act
of copying is the crime.
It isn't clear whether or not it's legal to scan US paper money
into a digital picture. However, one branch of the Federal Reserve
had a black and white scanned image of the new $100 note online.
Thus, it might be ok to scan it in black and white.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.10) Is it illegal to use U.S. paper money on products
or in advertising?
Photographs of notes, or portions of notes may not be used in any
form of advertising. The regulations permit their use only for
educational purposes. This regulation is currently being violated
by a number of major TV networks, computer magazine publishers,
telephone card manufacturers and others. Watch for a Secret Service
crackdown before long on this. Key chains, watch fobs, calculators,
and other products carrying paper money designs are subject to
confiscation by the Secret Service. This probably also applies to
telephone cards.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.11) Are old US notes still legal tender?
Every note that has ever been backed by the US Government is
still honored by the US Government. Although depositing an 1863
gold certificate for face value would be utterly foolish, it's still
legally possible.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.12) Are banknotes with Barr's signature good investments?
This single note probably draws more questions than any other
that comes to mind, although there is still an amazingly large part
of the general population of this country that still doesn't
know that "In God We Trust" hasn't "always" appeared on our paper
money. Joseph W. Barr served as Treasurer for one month in 1968-1969,
his signature appearing only on the 1963-B series of $1 notes. However
some 484 million notes were printed with his signature so they are
not likely to become scarce in our lifetime. There were 471,040,000
1963-B notes printed with his signature. In addition there were star
notes - 3,680,000 for New York, 3,040,000 for Richmond, 2,400,000 for
Chicago and 3,040,000 for San Francisco. Millions of the notes are
being hoarded by non-collectors acting on rumors, and in today's
world they are losing money every day they hold onto one of these
notes. Uncirculated notes might bring you a slight premium - if you
can find a buyer.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.13) What's the story on the Bank of the United States 1840
$1,000 note with serial number 8894?
I can tell you that this note has probably cost more grief, more
wasted postage, phone calls, time and energy than just about any
other reproduction on the market. I'm sorry to disappoint you,
but the Bank of United States $1000 note with serial number 8894
is one of the most copied notes in the world. A method of artificially
creating parchment was discovered back in the early 1960s and one firm
has produced millions of copies of this and other notes, especially
Confederate money. The note has been widely used in advertising
and for several years was used on the boxes that one firm shipped
blank checks in to their customers. The original of this note is
on normal paper, and is in existence, so your copy is worthless.
Every one of them has a story, too. "Found in a trunk that had been
in the family for several generations," is a popular one.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.14) Where are all the Federal Reserve Banks?
The currently circulating US paper notes are Federal
Reserve Notes. The Federal Reserve Banks which control
their issue were created in 1913 by the Federal Reserve
Act of that year.
Here's a list of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks, including
their associated letter (found inside a circle on Federal
Reserve Notes) and associated number (also found on Federal
Reserve Notes):
1 A Boston
2 B New York
3 C Philadelphia
4 D Cleveland
5 E Richmond
6 F Atlanta
7 G Chicago
8 H St. Louis
9 I Minneapolis
10 J Kansas City
11 K Dallas (Note: the 11 and K have nothing to do with JFK's death)
12 L San Francisco
------------------------------
Subject: 3.15) What do all those weird things mean on the one dollar bill?
On the front side, the black seal to the left of the portrait is the
Federal Reserve Seal and Letter. The green seal to the right is the U.S.
Treasury Seal. The four black numbers near the corners are Federal
Reserve Numbers. See section 3.14 for a list of Federal Reserve Banks
and their numbers and letters.
The design on the $1 bill is the Great Seal of the United States
of America, whose design was set by act of Congress, June 20, 1782.
In short, the pyramid is a Freemason emblem, the eye in the triangle
is a symbol of God, the motto "annuit coeptis" is usually translated
as "he hath smiled on our undertakings", and "novus ordo seclorum"
means "a new order of centuries".
According to a government pamphlet, the Unfinished Pyramid stands
for "permanence and strength." It is unfinished to symbolize the
"future growth and goal of perfection" of the U.S. The All-Seeing Eye
stands for a "deity." The 13 stars overhead, 13 vertical stripes in the
shield, 13 olive leaves, and 13 arrows all represent the original 13
colonies.
The various little numbers and letters on the front and back are
check letters, face plate letters, quadrant numbers, and back plate
numbers. They are used to identify the printing plates and the position
of the note on the plate. These items vary--see section 2.7.
The date on the base of the pyramid is 1776 in Roman numerals.
The right-hand side roundel shows the coat of arms of the US:
the 13 stars above the Eagle's head represent "a new constellation
in the firmament of nations" according to the 1782 text.
Here is the text (the language is supposed to be heraldic language,
though it is in fact poor quality):
The device for an armorial achievement, and reverse, of the great seal
of the Unites States in congress assembled, is as follows:
ARMS: Paleways of 13 pieces, argent and gules; a chief, azure; the
"escutcheon on the breast of the American eagle displayed proper, holding
in its dexter talon an olive branch, and in his sinister a bundle of
13 arrows, all proper, in his beak a scroll, inscribed with this
motto: E pluribus unum.
For the CREST: over the head of the eagle, which
appears above the escutcheon, a glory, or, breaking through a cloud,
proper, and surrounding 13 stars, forming a constellation argent
on an azure field.
REVERSE: A pyramid unfinished. In the senith an eye in a triangle,
surrounded by a glory, proper. Over the eye theses words: Annuit
coeptis. On the base of the pyramid the numerical letters,
MDCCLXXVI. And underneath, the following motto: Novus ordo seclorum."
------------------------------
Subject: 3.16) Where can I buy uncut sheets of U.S. paper money?
The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) sells various sheets
of uncut 1 and 2 dollar notes (4, 16, and 32 per sheet) through
the mail. They cycle through the various Federal Reserve Banks
over time. The cost varies from $10.25 (4 one dollar notes) to
$79.00 (32 two dollar notes in a cardboard frame). You can order
these from...
Order Processing Center
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
P.O. Box 371594
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7594
+1 (202)874-3315
They take checks, Visa, MC, or money order.
Sheets may be ordered flat or rolled, and,
officially, take 4-6 weeks to ship but may vary
a lot more than that.
------------------------------
Subject: 3.17) Whose portrait is on the various current banknotes?
1 George Washington
2 Thomas Jefferson
5 Abraham Lincoln
10 Alexander Hamilton
20 Andrew Jackson
50 U.S. Grant
100 Benjamin Franklin
500 William McKinley
1000 Grover Cleveland
5000 James Madison
10,000 Salmon P. Chase
100,000 Woodrow Wilson
------------------------------
Subject: 3.18) How much do USA banknotes weigh?
There are 490 banknotes to the pound.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
4. WORLD PAPER MONEY
------------------------------
Subject: 4.1) How do I get banknotes from country XYZZY?
Your best bet is to go through a dealer or another
avid collector. You can also keep whatever is left
in your wallet after a trip to another country, but
you'll end up with a very limited set of notes in
bad condition.
Most countries have notes that cost less than 1 or 2
US dollars. Countries with rampant inflation will have
a lot of notes from previous years which are very cheap
(South America, Yugoslavian countries, Eastern Europe).
Dealers get their notes from contacts within the
countries who buy CU packs (crisp uncirculated). The
world being what it is, often dealers take big losses
when contacts in remote countries essentially take the
money and run (I've heard of a major dealer who took a
big loss in Mongolia recently). Some countries don't
allow currency to be taken out of the country, so people
have to risk punishment to get the notes (e.g. Mauritania).
Doing business wholesale is tricky, but if you travel to a
remote part of the world, you can sometimes get dealers
to pay you to pick up CU packs.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.2) How do I get banknotes from every country in the world?
This is a common way to collect and your best bet is to
get a copy of the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money,
Volume 2 (General Issues). This way you have a road map
of current and past paper money and how much it will cost.
Also it allows you to see which notes you really want to
have which you wouldn't otherwise know about (e.g. crossed
out portrait of the Shah of Iran, Faulkland Islands notes,
portrait of Albert Einstein)
A good start is to buy a pile of general world notes from
a dealer (e.g. 50 different notes for 20 dollars). You
can then build on this over time with selected notes.
It's probably possible to put together a set of notes
from all countries for a few hundred dollars. You can
probably cover half of all countries for under a hundred
dollars.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.3) What was Operation Bernhardt?
During World War II, Germany created a lot of very high
quality counterfeits of the British 5 pound note of the time.
These were created in German concentration camps under the
code name Operation Bernhardt.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.4) What is concentration camp money?
During World War II, Germany created currencies for some
of the concentration camps. The notes were often created by the
Jewish prisoners of the camps and are generally high quality.
Many people collect these notes for historical reasons and
as a reminder of the events.
------------------------------
Subject: 4.5) Does anybody collect Conferate States of America notes?
Yes, this is a major area for collectors and many people
focus on CSA notes. Lots of them are very affordable.
BEWARE, however. There are numerous copies of the Confederate
notes, including packets of copies sold at popular National Park
battlefields. Many can be identified by the serial numbers alone.
[Note that CSA notes are contained within the World paper
money section and not the USA paper money section.]
------------------------------
Subject: 4.6) How many countries currently issue paper money?
This depends a lot on how you count them. For instance
the West African States covers eight countries, each has
a unique letter associated with it. Czechoslovakia recently
split into two countries, each having their own currency.
Lots of former Soviet countries are creating their own currency.
The Eastern Carribean dollar covers a lot of little independent
islands.
Here's a list of current paper money issuing governments. It
may be out of date by the time you read it. There are about
an equal number of governments which have issued paper money
in the past but not currently (such as South Vietnam and Biafra).
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Aruba, Australia,
Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangledesh, Barbados, Belarus,
Belgium, Belarus, Belize, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovenia,
Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi,
Cambodia/Kampuchea, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands,
Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros,
Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czeck Republic,
Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Carribean States, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Faeroe Islands,
Falkland Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany,
Ghana, Gibralter, Great Britian, Greece, Guatamala, Guernsey, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Isle of Man, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Jersey, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea,
South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macao, Macedonia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Maritius, Mexico,
Moldavia, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands,
Netherlands Antilles, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Northern Ireland,
Norway, Oman, Pakistan,
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