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comp.graphics.animation FAQ v3.3 (7 Mar) |
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Archive-name: graphics/animation-faq
Last-modified: 6 March 1996
Version: 3.3
Posting-frequency: Monthly
Last-issue: comp.graphics.animation FAQ v3.2 (7 Feb)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Well, what else you got?"
"...OK, red throbbing balls! Moving in unison before
your very eyes! Of course, with CHROME..."
-- Flying Logos, Inc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTRODUCTION
************
Please read this FAQ before posting to `comp.graphics.animation'.
Computer animation is a large and growing field, and people want different
things from it; this FAQ tries to cover all bases, and as a result is rather
thin on many of them! So feel free to contribute, or to offer suggestions --
the FAQ will NEVER be complete or free of errors, but your help will make it
better.
-- Contents --
* Introduction:: you're looking at it
* Related Resources:: where your enquiries may be better directed
* Miscellaneous Questions:: FAQ's that don't fit anywhere else...
* Using Animation:: from the end-user's pov
* Hobby Animation:: from the hobbyist's pov
* Animation Media:: animation not on your VDU
* Career Animation:: animation as a business
* Animation Theory:: technical / programming information
* Animation Software:: software you may want to use
* About Box:: about the FAQ
Changes
=======
Updated the entries for two software packages (Impulse Imagine and Renderize
Live / Visual Reality). Also added some information concerning the status of
Reboot's third season.
Should I post to comp.graphics.animation?
=========================================
`comp.graphics.animation' is a forum for discussion of all things relating to
computer animation. This includes, but is not limited to the following: (these
are general guidelines ONLY!)
* computer animation research
* implementation of animation systems
* animation software packages
* animation-related hardware
* computer animation in film and tv
* working in the animation industry
* net-accessible animation
If you'd like to see the original charter for the group, as it first appeared
in the usenet Call For Votes, you can find it at: URL:
ftp://ftp.uu.net/usenet/control/comp/comp.graphics.animation.Z
If your post is not of general interest (to `comp.graphics.animation'), but you
think `c.g.anim' is the most specific, the most appropriate, or is likely to be
the most fruitful forum -- don't hesitate to post. But `c.g.anim' is not for
discussion of things for which there *are* more specific resources available
(ie newsgroups, mailing lists, etc) and which are not of *general* *interest*
to `c.g.anim' readers.
If you're not sure, you may as well post -- the group's not moderated, and is
frequented by mostly polite people -- you're not likely to get flamed, but
please do spare a moment's thought before you post.
The next chapter (see `Related Resources') lists some places you may find more
suited to your particular query. Some questions about posting specific types of
articles are also addressed in the `Miscellaneous Questions' chapter.
Availability / Distribution
===========================
The most current version of the FAQ in all its different formats is always
available by FTP in
URL: ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/FAQs/cga-faq/
and the latest HTML version is at URL:
http://www.ridgecrest.ca.us/fx/cga-faq.html
The plain-text version of the FAQ is posted the first week of every month on
comp.graphics.animation, and the article (like all other `official' FAQs) is
archived on `rtfm'
URL: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-group/news.answers/graphics/animation-faq
All official FAQs, and then some, are available on the WWW (plaintext and/or
HTML-ized) at:
URL: http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/FAQ-List.html
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RELATED RESOURCES
*****************
...or, does my post really belong in `comp.graphics.animation'?
Computer animation, like its progenitor computer graphics, abuts on a large
number of fields. There are a lot of crossover topics, and a lot of related
resources other than this newsgroup. Please try and direct your questions to
the most appropriate place!
Graphics/Animation Newsgroups
=============================
comp.graphics.misc - general image generation, modelling
comp.graphics.algorithms - algorithms for graphics
comp.graphics.animation - you're looking at the FAQ right now!
comp.graphics.raytracing - bouncing light around
comp.graphics.visualization - scientific / data visualization
comp.graphics.apps.wavefront - CG software from Wavefront
comp.graphics.apps.alias - CG software from Alias Research
comp.graphics.apps.lightwave - CG software from NewTek
comp.graphics.apps.softimage - CG software from Softimage
comp.graphics.apps.photoshop - Adobe Photoshop
comp.graphics.packages.3dstudio - CG package from AutoDesk
comp.graphics.rendering.raytracing - Raytracing software (POV, etc)
comp.graphics.rendering.renderman - rendering via Renderman
comp.graphics.rendering.misc - misc rendering discussions
comp.sys.XXX.graphics \
comp.sys.XXX \
comp.sys.XXX.hardware.video } how do I do YYY on/under XXX
comp.os.ms-windows.* /
comp.windows.* /
comp.multimedia - sound and text and vision
alt.3d - SIRDS, holograms, etc. 3d perception.
alt.movies.visual-effects - SFX for film and TV
alt.graphics.pixutils - picture manipulation, conversion
rec.arts.animation - discussion of traditional animation
rec.arts.disney.animation - discussion of Disney's animation
rec.arts.anime* - discussion of Japanese animation
alt.animation.warner-bros - Chuck Jones and mates
rec.video.{desktop,production} - video, desktop video
sci.image.processing - sophisticated image manipulation
sci.virtual-worlds* - anything about VR
comp.compression - compression issues (JPEG, MPEG, etc)
alt.ascii-art.animation - yes, vt100 animation
alt.binaries.pictures.* - posts of pictures, anims, utils, etc
fj.rec.animation - discussion of anime (in japanese)
*.test (misc.test, etc.) - test postings (some people...)
comp.*.advocacy - Mac vs PC vs SGI vs Amiga, etc...
Web Resources
=============
These references are specific sources of information in various broad areas
relevant to this FAQ. If you don't understand the syntax used here to specify
where to reach these resources on the net, check out the 'About Box' section of
the FAQ for information on Resource Specifications.
3DSite
3DSite (URL: http://www.3dsite.com/3dsite/): a great CGI/animation WWW
site. Industry resumes (submit yours!) and job offers, information on CGI
production houses. Literature, references, discussion for animation (not
just computer animation). Information on relevant hardware and software
firms, software packages. Pointers to CGI organizations, labs, projects,
and some VR pointers. IRC panels on animation and more. Maintained by
Daniele Colajacomo (daniele@netcom.com). Thanks Daniele!
GWEB
GWEB (URL: http://www2.cinenet.net/GWEB/): An informal trade journal for
the computer animation industry. Includes monthly interviews with industry
luminaries, job postings, and information on production houses. Also
information on relevant hardware and software. Maintained by Rob and
Sharil (gweb@cinenet.net). Thanks!
Avalon
This FTP/Web site was created to be a 3D repository site for the 'net.
It's primarily a stockpile of free 3D objects and models in various
different formats, along with file format descriptions,
conversion/display/plug-in utilities, and some textures and demo software.
Although FTP access is still available, Viewpoint asks anyone with
web-browsing capabilities to access the site thru their home page (URL:
http://www.viewpoint.com/) for a *much* better interface to the archive.
Comp.Graphics.Misc FAQ
The `comp.graphics.misc' FAQ: graphics references, groups, standards,
various algorithms, etc. HTML version available at URL:
http://www.primenet.com/~grieggs/cg_faq.html Maintained by John T. Grieggs
(grieggs@netcom.com). Thanks John!
Other graphics-related FAQs can be found at:
URL: http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/graphics/top.html
More Specific Resources
=======================
More specific resources are scattered throughout the FAQ in the sections
dealing with the specific topic, so for instance for resources concerning
animation file formats, see `Animation File Formats', and for resources
concerning individual software packages, see `Animation Software'.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS
***********************
Here are some of the FAQ's that are not answered elsewhere in this document. If
there are any questions that you feel belong here, or wish to add to any of the
answers, please don't hesitate to contact me.
001. Is it ok to post job offers to this newsgroup?
Although not specifically mentioned in the charter, and there *is* a
newsgroup for job offers (misc.jobs.offered), the general concensus is
that yes, they are welcome.
002. Is it ok to post advertisements for software, services, etc to the
newsgroup?
Gray area. For the most part, this is bad netiquette. However, posting a
short message with a pointer (email address, web page, etc) so those who
actually want more information can go and find it without flooding the
group, is ok.
003. I want to study [CG] animation for a career. Are there any good schools?
Craig Slagel (Craig@craig5.demon.co.uk) has put together a "computer
animation schools FAQ", which includes excerpts from many responses that
have been posted to this question. It is posted to the newsgroup, and it's
available via ftp at:
URL: ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/FAQs/computer.animation.school.faq
Also, GWEB (URL: http://www2.cinenet.net/GWEB/) has a nice page of
schools, indexed by general locations.
004. What should I put on a demo reel?
Quick answer: your best stuff. Keep it short (3-10 minutes max). Show the
kind of thing you want to get a job doing (ie., be careful about including
flying logos unless that's what you want to do).
005. How much should I charge for my work?
Quick answer: how much are you worth, and how much are your clients
willing to pay you? If you just want experience, you can charge little (or
nothing), but your client(s) *will* get used to it, and it will be harder
for you to convince them to pay you later if you want to do it as a
business. Since the amount of work varies from one animation job to
another, there's no clear-cut figure to give. Variables to consider are
time needed to do the job, and what resources are required.
006. What is the best system for CG/animation?
Flammable topic! Don't ask. If you must ask, be more specific... what type
of CG/animation work do you want to do, what quality, will you be doing
work with any other H/W and/or specific S/W package, and how much are you
willing to spend in both time and money. Even so, every system has
strengths, weaknesses, and advocates. Don't expect a concensus. Your best
bet is to try out as many different ones as you can firsthand, and make
your own decision.
007. What is the best software package for CG/animation?
See above.
008. How do I contact ILM (Industrial Light & Magic)? Is there an email
address?
You don't, they call you :-) ...actually, they do have a P.O. Box number
(probably more than one, really): P.O. Box 2009, San Rafael, CA 94912.
They also have a net connection, but it's not "advertised", and those who
know it are not going to give details. They wish to remain as anonymous as
possible on the net... *please* respect their privacy.
009. What about ILM/Lucasfilm internships for students?
(from the rec.arts.movies.production FAQ): Both Lucasfilm and ILM run an
intership program three times a year for several months. Only the summer
program is available to those who reside outside the United States. For
more information contact Lucasfilm at (415) 662-1800.
010. Has anyone seen or know anything about the cartoon "Reboot"?
Reboot is produced by Alliance Communications and BLT Productions in
Vancouver. They use SGI hardware and Softimage software (along with their
own propietary stuff for facial animation and lip sync). They don't use
motion capture. They started production in 1994 (though the show's
copyright lists a 1991 date), and the show just finished its second
season. An "Unofficial" Reboot home page is at: URL:
http://www.inwap.com/Reboot.html
NOTE: Word is that a third season of Reboot will be produced and shown in
Canada (starting in September), but ABC has decided to drop it from its
Saturday morning lineup. No information has surfaced yet on who might pick
up the series for US distribution in the fall...
011. I need an object/model/mesh of...
See the `Related Resources' section of the FAQ as well as the specific
sections for each software package below for info on FTP sites for freely
available models.
Additionally, there are several companies which sell ready-made or
custom-made models in most formats. They usually advertise in some of the
magazines listed in the "Journals" section (below). Here are a few of the
well-known ones and where to find them on the web:
Viewpoint Datalabs - URL: http://www.viewpoint.com/
In addition to having their catalog online, Viewpoint also hosts the
Avalon archive for the largest collection of free 3D models on the
net (now with a cool HTML interface!)
Acuris - URL: http://www.acuris.com/
3Name3D - URL: http://www.ywd.com/
3DSite (URL: http://www.3dsite.com/3dsite/) also has a "model market"
service available from their web page, and another similar service is
Richard Tilmann's "MeshMart" (URL:
http://cedar.cic.net/~rtilmann/mm/index.htm), and visit Harry H. Chang's
home page at URL: http://www.loop.com/~hhc/ for some cool Star Wars
objects (3DStudio format).
012. I need an image/texture/picture of...
There are a few textures at avalon.viewpoint.com. There is also a huge
collection of pictures (though most are not tileable) at URL:
ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/multimedia/images
There are numerous other ftp sites with clumps of pictures and textures
out there... too many to list. Additionally, there are also several
CD-ROM's out with tileable texturemaps and other images in most popular
formats. If anyone has any good finds, please let me know and I'll list
those here.
013. What is motion capture?
Motion capture is a technique by which a performer's movements can be
recorded digitally, and reproduced by a CG character either in real-time
or after the data has been processed (depending on how the data is
sampled). This allows for more realistic and natural motion in character
animation. A variation of this technique uses an armature instead of a
performer, and movements are made and keyframed the same way that
stop-motion animators have been doing it for many years.
014. What resolution should I render my animations in?
That depends greatly on what the final media will be. If it's going to
remain on a computer screen (MPEG, Quicktime, etc), then factors to
consider are disk space, playback speed, and memory requirements. If it
will be transferred to video or film, best to ask whoever will be
recording it for you, because it might depend on the recording device. See
the section on `Animation Media' in this FAQ for a few more specifics.
015. So what do you know about Toy Story?
The Pixar movie "Toy Story" is currently playing in theaters in the US.
They have a deal with Disney to produce two more movies (and are
reportedly already working on the next one). What the next one will be
about is still a closely-guarded secret.
There's a lot of inside jokes in the movie, mainly in the brands and
company names seen, as well as references to several of the animators and
Pixar's previous works in the titles of the books in Andy's room. For some
more info on the movie, visit the web site HTTP: http://www.toystory.com.
For information on the technical aspects of the film (resolution, number
of objects, etc) see the August 1995 issue of Computer Graphics World.
Another good article about the movie appears in the December 1995 issue of
Cinefex.
One last note: According to CNN, "Toy Story" came out as the #3 movie for
US domestic box office performance in 1995 (behind "Batman Forever" and
"Apollo 13", but ahead of Disney's "Pocahontas"). Congrats Pixar!
016. Where can I get the Pixar videos?
Pixar reportedly sells them directly (in VHS format). Call 510-236-4000
and follow the instructions, or you can try them at 1001 West Cutting
Blvd., Richmond CA 94804. Fax: 510-236-0388. They are not currently
available on Laserdisc except for a few bits here and there in general CG
animation collections.
Additionally, there are at least two (*unconfirmed*) sources for the video
which includes "Red's Dream", "Luxo, Jr.", "Tin Toy", and "Knick-Knack":
Expanded Entertainment
1-800-996-TOON extension 125 (Mon-Fri 9am-6pm Pacific)
$25 plus S&H
Media Magic
1-800-882-8284 (credit card orders)
(order #v145) for $25
017. Is there a program to convert {MPEG,FLI,MOV,QT,AVI,single images, etc} to
{single images,AVI,QT,MOV,FLI,MPEG, etc}?
Stephane Woillez (wos@prism.uvsq.fr) has put together a web page (URL:
http://www.prism.uvsq.fr/public/wos/multimedia/) with several conversion
utilities available for downloading. So far, this is the best single
collection of such tools I know of.
Mainactor (for Amiga) available on Aminet (in `gfx/edit', will read 14
formats including GIF, IFF-ILBM, IFF-ANIM[5,7,8], MPEG, FL[CI], and write
most of these (not GIF or MPEG) You can add sound effects and edit your
animations too.
018. Is computer art "cheating"?
The overwhelming opinion (of the informed public) is that no, it is not.
Computer art is simply a new form, much like photography was when it was
first introduced. Computers do little more than sit there and take up
space unless a human uses them to create something. It is just a bad
misconception when the media reports something was done "by" a computer,
when it was a really a human being using a computer the way a painter uses
a paintbrush. The computer is just a tool.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USING ANIMATION
***************
This chapter's for those who simply want to see the results of others' hard
labour -- animation file formats and conversions, animation players and sites.
Much of the information here is presented much better in the graphics file
formats FAQ:
URL: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/graphics/fileformats-faq
Animation File Formats
======================
See also: Murray, Vanryper, "Encylopedia of Graphics File Formats", O'Reilly &
Assoc, 1994, ISBN 1565920589. It covers most 2-d and 3-d graphics file formats
out there today. Murray also maintains an FAQ (see above) which covers much of
the same material.
[text by mark podlipec and others]
For code that reads: DL, FLI, FLC, GIF, IFF, MovieSetter, PFX, Quicktime, and
RLE animation formats, see the `xanim' entry in `Players', below. Other
players' source may also be useful for these and other formats.
AVI (PC): Resources: URL: ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/ (RIFF AVI format. doesn't
include compression format).
DL: ??
FLI, FLC (Autodesk) (PC): FLI support is for 320x200 images, and is a series of
images and deltas. The colour map can be changed during the animation. FLC has
a few additional chunks and supports larger image sizes. Resources: FLC article
in DDJ'93 - `ftp://simtel20.../graphic/...' and URL:
ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/format_specs/Autodesk_fli_and_flc_format.txt
(specification of format).
GIF (PC): A GIF file consists of a screen colour map and a series of images,
each with an optional colour map. The images don't have to be at the origin and
can be any size smaller than the screen size. This allows GIF animations to be
created that only update the part of the screen that changes. GIFs (including
transparent GIFs) are also discussed in the Comp.Graphics.Misc FAQ.
GL (PC): (not to be confused with SGI's GL programming language)
IFF ANIM (Amiga): The Amiga's IFF format was designed as a universal
(extensible) data format. Many different data types and chunks can be found in
IFF ANIMs. Many ANIMs include sound chunks or colour cycling. There are a
plethora of compression techniques (with different tradeoffs) used. Most IFF
ANIMs are meant to be double-buffered, with deltas applying to frames two
distant. A looping ANIM means the last two deltas produce images that are the
same as the first two. The Amiga has a large number of display modes (a couple
of them, EHB and HAM are unusual; HAM is the hardest to emulate). Resources:
(specification of format) URL:
ftp://avalon.viewpoint.com/pub/format_specs/iffspecs.lzh
MovieSetter (GoldDisk) (Amiga): A very flexible animation format. Animations
are stored as a bunch of backgrounds, sounds and sets. Sets are smaller images
that get placed on top of the background (with transparent pixels). A frame
list at the end describes each frame. Each frame specifies which background to
use (backgrounds can also scroll in different directions and speeds), and a
list of sets to put on that background with depth information so characters can
pass behind or in front of each other. Sound information is contained here as
well to sync it up to the action. There is also colour cycling and specialty
fades and wipes. Can come as one file or as three directories and a control
file.
MPEG (lossy): Resources: `faq://graphics/mpeg-faq', also in germany
ftp://ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de/pub/msdos/dos/graphics/mpegfa??.zip' (covers
specification, future, software (players, &c), hardware, incl. pointers to
other information...); `post://alt.binaries.pictures.utilities/"WHERE TO GET
MPEG UTILS"'; Luigi's MPEG FAQ (URL:
http://www.crs4.it/~luigi/MPEG/mpegfaq.html); another WWW MPEG site (URL:
http://w3.eeb.ele.tue.nl/mpeg/index.html); URL: ftp://ftp.crs4.it (MPEG, and
other image compression techniques).
PFX (PageFlipper Plus F/X) (Amiga): A series of deltas with a play list at the
end. Supports colour map changes, nested loops and dynamic timing.
RLE (URT) (Unix): One or more runlength encoded images, viewable with an X11
viewing program. Tools for creating consistent colour maps and for many other
operations are part of the toolkit.
Players
=======
`display' v1.84 (PC) (Jih-Shin Ho). AVI, DL, FLC, GL, MPEG.
`ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/PC/graphics/disp*' (also on `simtel20')
MPEG players for IBM, Mac, Unix, VMS, Next.
See `post://alt.binaries.pictures.utilities/"WHERE TO GET MPEG UTILS"', or
the MPEG FAQ at URL: http://www.cs.tu-berlin.de/~phade/mpegfaq/
MPEG player for Atari, X11, IBM
URL: http://w3.eeb.ele.tue.nl/mpeg/index.html
`xanim' (X-Windows) (Mark Podlipec).
DL, FLI, FLC, GIF, IFF, MovieSetter, PFX, Quicktime, RLE Official FTP
site: `ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/applications/xanim???.tar.Z'. WWW page URL:
http://www.univ-rennes1.fr/ASTRO/fra/xanim.html
DFV
From the same person who gave you DTA (Dave's Targa Animator), comes
Dave's Flic Viewer (?). Available in URL:
ftp://ftp.povray.org/pub/povray/utilities
For animation file format converters, see the 'Miscellaneous Questions'
section.
Animation Sites
===============
URL: ftp://ftp.univ-rennes1.fr/Images/ASTRO/anim/ -- Space anims
URL: ftp://ftp.cnam.fr/pub/Fractals/anim/ -- Fractal anims
URL: http://w3.eeb.ele.tue.nl/mpeg/index.html -- Various MPEG anims
URL: ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/gfx/anim/Kinetic.lha (**DOWN**) -- Various
Amiga anims (also on other aminet sites)
URL: ftp://ftp.povray.org -- POV-anims (and all other things POV...)
URL: http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/imager/imager.html -- MPEG animations done using
hierarchical b-splines. For more on the modeller see `Dragon'.
URL: http://archpropplan.auckland.ac.nz/People/Mat/gallery/animations.html --
Mat Carr's animations
URL: ftp://ftp.ridgecrest.ca.us/pub/users/dejesus/rednightmare.mpg -- Red's
Nightmare (a nice take on Red's Dream - 3.6MB)
URL: http://animation.filmtv.ucla.edu/ -- UCLA Animation Workshop
URL: http://www.aw.sgi.com:80/Product/library/Animation_Gallery.html --
Animation Gallery at the Alias|Wavefront Site (lots of cool stuff)
URL: http://www.eecs.wsu.edu/IRL/ANIM/Anim.html -- WSU Computer Animations
"Grinning Evil Death" (featuring a cockroach and a breakfast cereal superhero)
and other computer animation is available in video stores as "The Computer
Animation Festival, Volume 1". See 3DSite (URL: http://www.3dsite.com/3dsite/)
for more sites.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOBBY ANIMATION
***************
This chapter's for those who want to make their own animations for fun.
Animation Process
=================
[by charles king and angus]
Things don't necessarily have to happen in this order (or at all), and there's
room for plenty of feedback between them, especially in computer animation, but
here's the basic flow. Although it's an advantage (both for the animator and
the software) to integrate as many stages as possible in the one package, and
most `animation' packages do so, in practice all packages have their relative
merits and work may be swapped from package to package to exploit their
strengths, especially in `high end' studios. This sequence assumes that the
animation has already been scripted.
*Model Design*
*input*
script
*tool*
Modeller
*task*
making the models to be animated
*output*
models
*Animation Design*
*input*
models, script
*tool*
Animation Package
*task*
planning and tuning sequences of motion, action, interaction,
lighting (very important!), etc...
*output*
animation script
*Production / Rendering*
*input*
models, animation script
*tools*
Renderer front-end, Renderer
*task*
generating images from which the animation is to be
constructed
*output*
images
*Post-Production*
*input*
images, script
*tools*
Editor, Compositor, Paint, Image Processing, other SFX
Packages
*task*
modifying, compositing, sequencing the images
*output*
final sequence of images
*Transfer*
*input*
sequence of images
*tools*
various media, media i/o hardware
*task*
transferring the frames to the desired medium
*output*
the product
Venues
======
Conferences and other Events
----------------------------
SIGGRAPH
ACM's Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics. Annual conference
includes courses, vendor shows and demos, displays of the year's best
animations, paper presentations, etc. SIGGRAPH '95 will be held in Los
Angeles, California, August 6-11. There are numerous local chapters, and
meetings held in each region. For more information, ftp to
ftp.siggraph.org or check out their home page at URL:
http://www.siggraph.org/
Prix Ars Electronica: International Competition for the Computer Arts.
This is an annual event. Information follows:
~$80k US in prizes for the animation category alone!
General Info '94: (Peter Schoeber)
mail: ORF-Prix Ars Electronica, Europaplatz 3, A-4010 Linz, Austria.
phone: +43 (732) 6900-267, fax: -270, telex: +21616
email: `schoeber@jk.uni-linz.ac.at'
(if you have trouble reaching that address, try rito@rito.com)
Animation Info '96: (Christine Schpf) phone: +43 (732) 6900-218
For more info, check out their web page:
URL: http://www.rito.com/prix/index.htm
[note: I need more info on these...]
Imagina
EG w'shop (eg)
CGI (cgs)
Computer Animation (cgs)
Graphics Interface
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ANIMATION MEDIA
***************
This chapter's about the various media an animation might end up on, and how to
get it there.
Both GWEB (URL: http://www2.cinenet.net/GWEB/) and 3DSite (URL:
http://www.3dsite.com/3dsite/) have information on animation hardware and
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