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Islam FAQ (Part 5/15): Islam, Quran & Muhammad (PBUH) |
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--Lamartine, HISTOIRE DE LA TURQUIE, Paris, 1854, Vol. II, pp. 276-277.
"It is not the propagation but the permanency of his religion that
deserves our wonder, the same pure and perfect impression which he
engraved at Mecca and Medina is preserved, after the revolutions of
twelve centuries by the Indian, the African and the Turkish proselytes
of the Koran. . . The Mahometans have uniformly withstood the temptation
of reducing the object of their faith an devotion to a level with the
senses and imagination of man. 'I believe in One God and Mahomet the
Apostle of God,' is the simple and invariable profession of Islam. The
intellectual image of the Deity has never been degraded by any visible
idol; the honours of the prophet have never transgressed the measure of
human virtue, and his living precepts have restrained the gratitude of
his disciples within the bounds of reason and religion." --Edward Gibbon
and Simon Ocklay, HISTORY OF THE SARACEN EMPIRE, London, 1870, p. 54.
"He was Caesar and Pope in one; but he was Pope without Pope's
pretensions, Caesar without the legions of Caesar: without a standing
army, without a bodyguard, without a palace, without a fixed revenue; if
ever any man had the right to say that he ruled by the right divine, it
was Mohammed, for he had all the power without its instruments and
without its supports." --Bosworth Smith, MOHAMMAD AND MOHAMMADANISM,
London, 1874, p. 92.
"It is impossible for anyone who studies the life and character of the
great Prophet of Arabia, who knows how he taught and how he lived, to
feel anything but reverence for that mighty Prophet, one of the great
messengers of the Supreme. And although in what I put to you I shall say
many things which may be familiar to many, yet I myself feel whenever I
re-read them, a new way of admiration, a new sense of reverence for that
mighty Arabian teacher." --Annie Besant, THE LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF
MUHAMMAD, Madras, 1932, p. 4.
"His readiness to undergo persecutions for his beliefs, the high moral
character of the men who believed in him and looked up to him as leader,
and the greatness of his ultimate achievement - all argue his
fundamental integrity. To suppose Muhammad an impostor raises more
problems than it solves. Moreover, none of the great figures of history
is so poorly appreciated in the West as Muhammad." --W. Montgomery Watt,
MOHAMMAD AT MECCA, Oxford, 1953, p. 52.
"Muhammad, the inspired man who founded Islam, was born about A.D. 570
into an Arabian tribe that worshipped idols. Orphaned at birth, he was
always particularly solicitous of the poor and needy, the widow and the
orphan, the slave and the downtrodden. At twenty, he was already a
successful businessman, and soon became director of camel caravans for a
wealthy widow. When he reached twenty-five, his employer, recognizing
his merit, proposed marriage. Even though she was fifteen years older,
he married her, and as long as she lived, remained a devoted husband.
"Like almost every major prophet before him, Muhammad fought shy of
serving as the transmitter of God's word, sensing his own inadequacy.
But the angel commanded 'Read.' So far as we know, Muhammad was unable
to read or write, but he began to dictate those inspired words which
would soon revolutionize a large segment of the earth: 'There is one
God.'
"In all things Muhammad was profoundly practical. When his beloved son
Ibrahim died, an eclipse occurred, and rumours of God's personal
condolence quickly arose. Whereupon Muhammad is said to have announced,
'An eclipse is a phenomenon of nature. It is foolish to attribute such
things to the death or birth of a human being.
"At Muhammad's own death an attempt was made to deify him, but the man
who was to become his administrative successor killed the hysteria with
one of the noblest speeches in religious history: 'If there are any
among you who worshipped Muhammad, he is dead. But if it is God you
worshipped, He lives forever." --James A. Michener, "Islam: The
Misunderstood Religion," in READER'S DIGEST (American edition), May
1955, pp. 68-70.
"My choice of Muhammad to lead the list of the world's most influential
persons may surprise some readers and may be questioned by others, but
he was the only man in history who was supremely successful on both the
religious and secular level." --Michael H. Hart, THE 100: A RANKING OF
THE MOST INFLUENTIAL PERSONS IN HISTORY, New York: Hart Publishing
Company, Inc., 1978, p. 33.
5. THE SWORD OF ISLAM ............................................. from III&E
The first few who embraced the "new" religion in Makkah in the Arabian
Peninsula at the hands of the Prophet, were his wife Khadijah, his
servant Zaid and his eleven-year-old cousin Ali. Among the ones who
later joined this faith were the honest merchant, Abu Bakr; the iron man
of Arabia, Umar the Great; the shy businessman, Uthman; the Prophet's
brave uncle Hamza and a slave of a pagan, Bilal. They simply couldn't
resist the MAGIC SWORD of a humble and lonely Prophet! The negligible
minority of the believers in this new Faith was soon exiled from Makkah
and they arrived in the city called Yathrab which later became known as
MADINAH. The Muslim emigrants to Madinah brought their SWORD with them.
The SWORD continued to "pull" people towards it until the whole of
Arabia joined the Faith. Compared to the population of the rest of the
world at that time, the Arabs constituted a tiny minority. A fraction of
this minority decided to take the SWORD beyond the boundaries of the
Arabian desert to the mighty empires of Rome and Persia, the shores of
the Mediterranean, the coast of Malabar and the far away East Indies
Islands. People after people continued surrendering to this SWORD and
joining the Faith.
So sharp was the edge of the SWORD! It simply conquered the hearts;
bodies yielded automatically. It is the SWORD OF TRUTH, whose mere shine
eliminates falsehood just like light wipes away darkness.
6. Has the sword gone Blunt? No, far from it. ..................... from III&E
It continues to pierce the hearts of countless men and women even today
- in spite of the relentless efforts by persons with vested interests
who like darkness to prevail, so that they may rob people of their good
things.
Read below the impressions of some who were recently conquered by the
same SWORD. They are from different countries, speak different languages
and have different backgrounds. Their present addresses are also given.
Perhaps you may like to ask them how it feels to be struck by the SWORD
OF TRUTH.
1. LEOPOLD WEISS (now Mohammad Asad): Austrian statesman, journalist,
former foreign correspondent for the Frankfuerter Zeitung; author of
ISLAM AT THE CROSSROADS and ROAD TO MECCA and translator of the Qur'an.
He embraced Islam in 1926. (1)
"Islam appears to me like a perfect work of Architecture. All its parts
are harmoniously conceived to complement and support each other. Nothing
is superfluous and nothing lacking, with the result of an absolute
balance and solid composure."
2. AHMED HOLT: British Civil Contractor, traveler in search of the
Divine truth, spent much of his time in research and comparative study
of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. He embraced Islam in 1975. (2)
"The SWORD OF ISLAM is not the sword of steel. I know this by
experience, because the sword of Islam struck deep into my own heart. It
didn't bring death, but it brought a new life; it brought an awareness
and it brought an awakening as to who am I and what am I and for what am
I here?"
3. BOGDAN DOPANSKI (now Bogdan Ataullah Kopanski): Originally Polish,
now American; Ph.D. in history and politics, had a very interesting
journey to Islam and faced severe hardships; was imprisoned twice by the
Polish communist regime (1968, 1981-82). He embraced Islam in 1974. (3)
"When I was 12 years old I rejected illogical and contradictory faith of
the Church. Two years later in 1962 - I was fascinated by victorious
struggle of the Algerian Muslim mujahideen against French colonialism.
It was the first ARROW of Islam.... The high school and earliest days of
my education in the University, I was a typical example of 'rebel
generation' of Reds.... My way to the truth of Al-Qur'an was slow and
unpaved.... In 1974 I visited Turkey, I wrote my M.A. dissertation about
Sultan and Caliph Suleiman Kanuni's policy towards the Polish Kingdom.
There, I was hit by the most beautiful voice of mankind, the ADHAN, the
call to prayer. My hair stood up. An unknown powerful force led me to
old masjid in Istanbul. There, old smiling Turkish, bearded men taught
me WUZU, ablution. I confessed to tears SHAHADAH and I prayed my first
SALAH Maghrib.... I swept out the rubbish ideologies.... The first time
in my life, my mind was relaxed and I felt pleasure of Allah's love in
my heart. I was a Muslim...."
4. VENGATACHALAM ADIYAR (now Abdullah Adiyar): Indian, noted Tamil
writer and journalist; worked as a news editor in Dr. M. Karunanidhi's
daily MURASOLI for 17 years; assisted 3 former Chief Ministers of Tamil
Nadu. Received Kalaimamani Award (Big Gem of Arts) from Tamil Nadu
Government in 1982. He embraced Islam in 1987. (4)
"In Islam I found suitable replies to nagging queries arising in my mind
with regard to the theory of creation, status of woman, creation of the
universe, etc. The life history of the Holy Prophet attracted me very
much and made it easy for me to compare with other world leaders and
their philosophies."
5. HERBERT HOBOHM (now Aman Hobohm): German diplomat, missionary and
social worker. An intellectual who has been serving the German
diplomatic missions in various parts of the world. Presently working as
Cultural Attache in German Embassy in Riyadh. He embraced Islam in 1941.
(5)
"I have lived under different systems of life and have had the
opportunity of studying various ideologies, but have come to the
conclusion that none is perfect as Islam. None of the systems has got a
complete code of a noble life. Only Islam has it; and that is why good
men embrace it. Islam is not theoretical; it is practical. It means
complete submission to the will of God."
6. CAT STEVENS (now Yousuf Islam): British; formerly a Christian and a
world famous pop singer. He embraced Islam in 1973. (6)
"It will be wrong to judge Islam in the light of the behavior of some
bad Muslims who are always shown on the media. It is like judging a car
as a bad one if the driver of the car is drunk and he bangs it into the
wall. Islam guides all human beings in the daily life - in its
spiritual, mental and physical dimensions. But we must find the sources
of these instructions, the Qur'an and the example of the Prophet. Then
we can see the ideal of Islam."
7. MS. MARGARET MARCUS (now Maryam Jamilah): American, formerly a
Jewess, essayist and an author of many books. She embraced Islam in
1962. (7)
"The authority of Islamic Morals and Laws proceeds from Almighty God.
Pleasure and happiness in Islam are but the natural byproducts of
emotional satisfaction in one's duties conscientiously performed for the
pleasure of God to achieve salvation. In Islam duties are always
stressed above rights. Only in Islam was my quest for absolute values
satisfied. Only in Islam did I at last find all that was true, good,
beautiful and which gives meaning and direction to human life and
death."
8. WILFRIED HOFMAN (now Murad Hofman): Ph.D. in law (Harvard); German
social scientist and diplomat; presently German Ambassador in Algeria.
He embraced Islam in 1980. (8)
"For some time now, striving for more and more precision and brevity, I
have tried to put on paper, in a systematic way, all philosophical
truths, which in my view, can be ascertained beyond reasonable doubt. In
the course of this effort it dawned on me that the typical attitude of
an agnostic is not an intelligent one; that man simply cannot escape a
decision to believe; that the createdness of what exists around us is
obvious; that Islam undoubtedly finds itself in the greatest harmony
with overall reality. Thus I realize, not without shock, that step by
step, in spite of myself and almost unconsciously, in feeling and
thinking I have grown into a Muslim. Only one last step remained to be
taken: to formalize my conversion. As of today I am a Muslim. I have
arrived."
9. CASSIUS CLAY (now Muhammad Ali): American; three times World
Heavyweight Champion, formerly a Christian. He embraced Islam in 1965.
(9)
"I have had many nice moments in my life. But the feelings I had while
standing on Mount Arafat on the day of HAJJ (Muslims' pilgrimage), was
the most unique. I felt exalted by the indescribable spiritual
atmosphere there as over a million and a half pilgrims invoked God to
forgive them of their sins and bestow on them His choicest blessings. It
was an exhilarating experience to see people belonging to different
colors, races and nationalities, kings, heads of states and ordinary men
from very poor countries all clad in two simple white sheets praying to
God without any sense of either pride or inferiority. It was a practical
manifestation of the concept of equality in Islam."
(Speaking to the daily "Al-Madinah," Jeddah, 15 July, 1989.)
These were the impressions of a few persons who had themselves been
struck by the SWORD OF TRUTH, that is, the Message of Islam.
AS FOR THE PROPAGANDA THAT IT WAS THE SWORD OF STEEL, THAT IS, FORCE,
WHICH WAS INSTRUMENTAL IN THE UNIVERSAL EXPANSION OF ISLAM, WE GIVE
BELOW QUOTATIONS FROM THE WRITINGS OF SOME OF THE PROMINENT NON-MUSLIM
SCHOLARS AND LEADERS REFUTING THIS BASELESS ACCUSATION.
1. M.K. GANDHI: "....I became more than ever convinced that it was not
the sword that won a place for Islam in those days in the scheme of
life. It was the rigid simplicity, the utter self-effacement of the
prophet, the scrupulous regard for his pledges, his intense devotion to
his friends and followers, his intrepidity, his fearlessness, his
absolute trust in God and in his own mission. These, and not the sword
carried everything before them and surmounted every trouble." YOUNG
INDIA, 1924. (10)
2. EDWARD GIBBON: "The greatest success of Mohammad's life was effected
by sheer moral force without the stroke of a sword." HISTORY OF THE
SARACEN EMPIRE, London, 1870.
3. A.S. TRITTON: "The picture of the Muslim soldier advancing with a
sword in one hand and the Qur'an in the other is quite false." ISLAM,
London, 1951, page 21. (12)
4. DE LACY O'LEARY: "History makes it clear, however, that the legend of
fanatical Muslims, sweeping through the world and forcing Islam at the
point of sword upon conquered races is one of the most fantastically
absurd myths that historians have ever repeated." ISLAM AT CROSSROADS,
London, 1923, page 8.
5. K.S. RAMAKRISHNA RAO: "My problem to write this monograph is easier
because we are not generally fed now on that (distorted) kind of history
and much time need not be spent on pointing out our misrepresentations
of Islam. The theory of Islam and sword, for instance, is not heard now
in any quarter worth the name. The principle of Islam, there is no
compulsion in religion, is well known." MOHAMMED THE PROPHET OF ISLAM,
Riyadh, 1989, page 4.
6. JAMES A MICHENER: "No other religion in history spread so rapidly as
Islam... The West has widely believed that this surge of religion was
made possible by the sword. But no modern scholar accepts that idea, and
the Qur'an is explicit in support of the freedom conscience." ISLAM -
THE MISUNDERSTOOD RELIGION, READERS' DIGEST (American Edition) May 1955.
7. LAWRENCE E. BROWNE: "Incidentally these well-established facts
dispose of the idea so widely fostered in Christian writings that the
Muslims, wherever they went, forced people to accept Islam at the point
of the sword." THE PROSPECTS OF ISLAM, London 1944.
IF YOU TOO POSSESS A SOFT, TENDER HEART AND AN OPEN MIND, DO WRITE TO US
FOR SOME BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE WAY OF LIFE CALLED "ISLAM." DO NOT
BELIEVE IN HEARSAY AND LEARN FROM THE DIRECT SOURCES. WE ARE READY TO
HELP.
7. CHOOSING ISLAM: ONE MAN'S TALE ................................. from III&E
I became a Muslim when it seemed I had already accepted Islam in my
bones, as if beyond choice, and I only had to make a leap to embrace it
formally. Outwardly I was content; inwardly I was coasting. My
three-year-old theatre company was disbanded after a hilariously chaotic
production for a Tim Leary Benefit at the Family Dog in San Francisco,
circa '68 -- naturally the orange juice everyone had passed around was
spiked, so that chorus members were doing the final scene in the first
ten minutes -- and for six months I had been methodically typing out
poetry manuscripts in my attic in Berkeley preparatory to a big
publishing peak.
I considered myself a Zen Buddhist. But I was other things as well. My
normal routine was to get up, sit zazen, smoke a joint, do half an hour
of yoga, then read the "Mathnawi" of Rumi, the long mystical poem of
that great Persian Sufi of the thirteenth century.
Then I met the man who was to be my guide to our teacher in Morocco,
Shaykh Muhammad ibn al-Habib, may Allah be pleased with him. At first
the meeting was simply remarkable, and my guide simply a remarkable man.
But soon our encounter was to become extraordinary, leading to a
revolution in my life from which I have never recovered and never hope
to.
The man looked like an eccentric Englishman. He too had only recently
come out of the English version of the Hippie Wave. He was older,
refined in his manners, spectacularly witty and intellectual, but of
that kind prevalent then who had hobnobbed with the Beatles and knew the
Tantric Art collection of Brian Jones firsthand. He had been on all the
classic drug quests -- peyote in the Yucatan, mescaline with Laura
Huxley -- but with the kif quest in Morocco he had stumbled on Islam and
then the Sufis, and the game was up. A profound change had taken place
in his life that went far beyond the psychedelic experience.
=46or the three days following our meeting, two other Americans and I
listened in awe as this magnificent storyteller unfolded the picture of
Islam, of the perfection of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, of
the Sufis of Morocco, and of the 100-year-old plus Shaykh, sitting under
a great fig tree in a garden with his disciples singing praises of
Allah. It was everything I'd always dreamed of. It was poetry come
alive. It was the visionary experience made part of daily life, with the
Prophet a perfectly balanced master of wisdom and simplicity, an
historically accessible Buddha, with a mixture of the earthiness of
Moses, the otherworldliness of Jesus, and a light all his own.
The prophetic knowledge our guide talked about was a kind of spiritual
existentialism. It was a matter of how you enter a room, which foot you
entered with, that you sipped water but gulped milk, that you said,
"Bismillah" (In the Name of Allah) before eating or drinking, and
"Al-hamdulillah" (Praise be to Allah) afterwards, and so on. But rather
than seeing this as a burden of hundreds of "how-to's," it was more like
what the LSD experience taught us, that there is a "right" way to do
things that has, if you will, a cosmic resonance. It is a constant
awareness of courtesy to the Creator and His creation that itself
ensures and almost visionary intensity.
It is hard to put forward any kind of explanation of Islam, to try to
suggest the beauty of its totality, through the medium of words. The
light of Islam, since it is transformational and alchemical in nature,
almost always comes via a human messenger who is a transmitter of the
picture by his very being.
Face to face with our guide, what struck us most was his impeccable,
noble behavior. He seemed to be living what he was saying. Finally the
moment came, as a surprise, when he confronted me with my life. "Well,"
he said one morning after three full days of rapturous agreement that
what he was bringing to us was the best thing we'd ever heard, "What do
you think? Do you want to become a Muslim?"
I hedged. "It's the most beautiful thing I've heard about so far. After
all my Zen Buddhism, all my yoga, Tibetan Buddhism and Hindu gurus, this
is certainly it! But I think I would like to travel a little, see the
world, go to Afghanistan (then unoccupied), maybe meet my Shaykh in a
mountain village far off somewhere."
"That's not good enough. You have to decide now. Yes or no. If it's yes,
then we start on a great adventure. If it's no, then no blame, I've done
my duty. I'll just say goodbye and go on my way. But you have to decide
now. I'll go downstairs and read a magazine and wait. Take your time."
When he had left the room I saw there was no choice. My whole being had
already acquiesced. All my years up to that moment simply rolled away. I
was face-to-face with worship of Allah, wholly and purely, with the Path
before me well-trodden, heavily signposted, with a guide to a Master
plunk in front of me. Or I could reject all of this for a totally
self-invented and uncertain future.
It was the day of my birthday, just to make it that much more dramatic.
I chose Islam.
-- Abd al-Hayy Moore
Mr. Abd al-Hayy Moore has two books of poetry published by City Lights
under the name Daniel Moore. He's traveled extensively, living in
England, Morocco, Algeria, Nigeria and Spain. Mr. Moore is a talented
writer and poet, and has turned his talents in writing for Islam. He is
a contributor to "The Minaret" and other publications. His more recent
publications are "The Chronicles of Akhira," "Halley's Comet" and
Holograms. His writings and publications may be obtained from Zilzal
Press, 126 North Milpas Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93103, U.S.A.
Published with the permission of:
1) Whole Earth Review
27 Gate Five Road
Sausilito, CA 94965
2) Abd al-Hayy Moore
The III&E is grateful for his kind permission.
Reprinted from Whole Earth Review No. 49, Winter 1985
8. Who can I ask questions on Islam? .........................................
A- The Institute of Islamic Information and Education
P.O. Box 41129
Chicago, IL 60641-0129 U.S.A.
Fax: (312) 777-7199
Tel: (312) 777-7443
B- The Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA)
Non-Muslims interested to learn about Islam can now dial toll-free
1-800-662-ISLAM
The phone number has been set up by the Islamic Circle of North America
(ICNA) exclusively for non-Muslims. The number became operational on
August 30, 1994.
Note: The last letter 'M' in the telephone number is optional.
C- Islam on Phone
Islam-on-the-Phone (312) 777-0767
Ask for a list of questions and codes. Provided by III&E.
WRITE TO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING:
1. (deceased)
2. Ahmad Holt, 23 Welland Garden Perivale, Middlesex UB6 8SZ, U.K.
3. Bogdan Ataullah Kopanski, 3013 Harrel Drive, Grand Prairie, TX 75051.
4. Abdullah Adiyar, 1 Ashok Avenue, Rangarajapuram, Kodambakkam,
Madras,India.
5. Aman Hobohm, Cultural Attache, P.O. Box 8974, Riyadh 11492, Saudi
Arabia.
6. Yousuf Islam, Chairman, Muslim Aid, 3 Furlong Road, London, N7, U.K.
7. Maryam Jamilah, c/o Mohammad Yusuf Khan, Sant Nagar, Lahore,
Pakistan.
8. Murad Hofman, Ambassador, Embassy of Federal Republic of Germany, BP
664, Alger-gare, Algeria.
9. Muhammad Ali, c/o Masjid Al-Faatir, 1200 East 49th Street, Chicago,
IL 60615.
NOTE: 10. Twentieth century champion of non-violence who lead the Indian
movement of freedom from British colonization.
9. Indroductory Publications ...................................... from III&E
RECOMMENDED:
1. III&E Brochure Series may be obtained from the address given below.
2. WHAT EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ISLAM AND MUSLIMS by Suzanne Haneef,
Kazi Publications, Chicago, IL.
3. ISLAM IN FOCUS by H. Abdulati, American Trust Publications,
Indianapolis, IN.
4. THE BIBLE, THE QUR'AN AND SCIENCE by Maurice Bucaille, American Trust
Publications, Indianapolis, IN.
5. QUR'AN, AN INTRODUCTION by A.R. Doi, Kazi Publications, Chicago, IL.
6. HADITH, AN INTRODUCTION by A.R. Doi, Kazi Publications, Chicago, IL.
7. MUHAMMAD, HIS LIFE BASED ON THE EARLIEST SOURCES by Martin Lings,
Inner Traditions International, Rochester, VT.
8. LIFE OF MUHAMMAD by A.H. Siddiqi, Kazi Publications, Chicago, IL.
9. HISTORY OF ISLAM by Masud-ul-Hasan, Islamic Publications, Lahore,
Pakist= an.
10. THE CULTURAL ATLAS OF ISLAM by I.R. al-Faruqi and Lois L. al-Faruqi,
Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, NY.
Announcements ................................................................
10. Archive Info ..............................................................
This FAQ is archived at several sites and is available for public
retrieval thru anonymous FTP, E-MAIL, Gopher & World Wide Web.
-- Anonymous FTP --
Login: anonymous
Password: Your e-mail address
Site: rtfm.mit.edu
Dir: /pub/usenet/news.answers/islam-faq/
Site: ftp.uu.net
Dir: /pub/usenet/news.answers/islam-faq/
Site: ftp.cco.caltech.edu
Dir: /pub/calmsa/islam-faq/
-- E-MAIL --
Send E-mail to: mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
Text of E-mail Message:
send usenet/news.answers/islam-faq/part5
quit
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Path: Computing Information/
CCO anonymous ftp archive/
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Site: latif.com 70
Path: Resources relating to Islam/
Soc.Religion.Islam
-- World-Wide-Web (WWW) --
One recommended interface is 'mosaic,' below are mosaic 'home pages.'
URL at USENET Archive site:
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/islam-faq/faq.html
URL at Caltech MSA site:
http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~calmsa/links.html
11. Credits ...................................................................
The author wishes to thank all those who contributed in any capacity for
the original one part FAQ or this multi-part FAQ.
-- SOURCES --
The basic introduction and literature presented in the FAQ is from
brochures on Islam distributed by Institute of Islamic Information &
Education (III&E). These brochures were typed in electronic form by
Ms.M.Ahmed.
The information on soc.religion.islam forum (in Part 2) has been
compiled from USENET archives and administrative logs of
Soc.Religion.Islam moderator panel.
What is III&E?
III&E is an acronym for the Institute of Islamic Information & Education
which was established in Chicago, Illinois in 1985. The III&E is
registered in the State of Illinois and recognized by the Internal
Revenue Service (IRS) as a not-for-profit religious organization.
More information can be obtained by contacting Dr. M. Amir, III&E, P.O.
Box 41129, Chicago, IL 60641-0129, U.S.A.; Fax: (312) 777-7199; or
or Tel: (312) 777-7443.
-- FORMAT --
The format of the FAQ series has been done by utilizing resources of
Islamic Information & News Network (IINN). A custom program, Nebula,
written by editors of IINN for generating newsletters has been used.
What is IINN?
Islamic Information & News Network is a forum dedicated to educate the
network community on issues relating to Islam and Muslims in an academic
& non-political environment. Weekly digest is available on internet by
subscribing to MUSLIMS@ASUACAD.BITnet (A Bitnet listserv list) and on
USENET: bit.listserv.muslims.
-- Permissions --
Permission to post this multi-part FAQ has been obtained by the
following:
o Institute of Islamic Information & Education (III&E)
o Islamic Information & News Network (Muslims@PSUVM.bitnet)
o Moderator(s) of News.Answers (Thomas Khoenig & P.Huang)
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