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   "chinese room" argument. There's also an extended set of
   commentaries and reply by Searle.] 

   H.A. Simon, "Sciences of the Artificial", 2nd Edition, MIT Press, 1981.

   A.M. Turing, "Computing Machinery And Intelligence," Mind, vol. LIX,
   no. 236, 1950.  Reprinted in "Computers and Thought", Feigenbaum &
   Feldman (eds.), 1963.  Also reprinted in "The Mind's I", Hofstadter &
   Dennett (eds.).  Also reprinted in "Readings in Cognitive Science",
   Collins & Smith (eds.), section 1.1.

In addition to the references cited above, there is also a fair amount
of philosophical discussion in R.J. Brachman and H.J. Levesque,
editors, "Readings in Knowledge Representation", Morgan Kaufmann, 1985. 

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-26] Cyc.

Cyc is a project begun MCC and spun off into its own company, with the
aim to build an enCYClopedic database and reasoning engine for common
sense knowledge.  There is now an open source version of Cyc. See
section 6 of the FAQ.

   Lenat, D. B. "Cyc: A Large-Scale Investment in Knowledge
   Infrastructure." Communications of the ACM 38, no. 11 (1995)

   Lenat, D. B. "Steps to Sharing Knowledge." In Toward Very Large
   Knowledge Bases, edited by N.J.I. Mars. IOS Press, 1995.

   R.V. Guha and Douglas B. Lenat, "Enabling agents to work together",
   CACM 37(7):127-142, 1994.

   "CYC", AI Magazine 1986, 7(1), 1986.

   "Cyc: A Mid-Term Report," AI Magazine, 11(3):32-59, Fall 1990.

   "Cyc: Toward Programs With Common Sense," CACM, 33(8):30-49, 
   August 1990. 

   "Knowledge and Natural Language Processing," CACM, Aug 1990.
 
   "When will machines learn?," Machine Learning, 4(3-4):255-257,
   December 1989. 

   Douglas B. Lenat and R.V. Guha, "Building Large Knowledge-Based
   Systems", Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990. ISBN 0-201-51752-3.

For a critique of Cyc, see Stefik and Smoliar, "The Commonsense
Reviews", Artificial Intelligence 61(1):37-40 1993.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-27] Constraint-based Scheduling

Operations Research books:

   Kenneth R. Baker, "Introduction to Sequencing and Scheduling", 
   John Wiley and Sons, 1974.

   Jacques Carlier and Philippe Chretienne, "Problemes d'ordonnancement:
   Modelisation / Complexite / Algorithmes", Masson, 1988.

   Edward G. Coffman Jr., editor, "Computers and Job-Shop Scheduling
   Theory", John Wiley and Sons, 1976.

Review articles:

   Stephen C. Graves, "A Review of Production Scheduling", 
   Operations Research, 29(4):646-675, 1981.

   Karl G. Kempf, "Manufacturing Planning and Scheduling: Where We Are
   and Where We Need To Be", Proceedings of the IEEE International
   Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications, Miami, Florida, 1989.

   Karl Kempf, Claude Le Pape, Stephen F. Smith and Barry R. Fox, "Issues
   in the Design of AI-Based Schedulers: A Workshop Report", AI Magazine,
   11(5):37-46, 1991.

   Karl Kempf, Bruce Russell, Sanjiv Sidhu and Stu Barrett, "AI-Based
   Schedulers in Manufacturing Practice: Report of a Panel Discussion",
   AI Magazine, 11(5):46-55, 1991.

   Mitchell S. Steffen, "A Survey of Artificial Intelligence-Based
   Scheduling Systems", Proceedings of the Fall Industrial Engineering
   Conference, Boston, MA, 1986.

Miscellaneous:

   S.H. Clearwater, B.A. Huberman, and T. Hogg, "Cooperative solution of
   constraint satisfaction problems", Science 254(5035):1181-1183,
   November 22, 1991.

   Mark S. Fox and Norman Sadeh, "Why is scheduling difficult? A CSP
   perspective." In Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Artificial
   Intelligence (ECAI-90), pages 754-767, 1990.

   P. J. M. Val Laarhoven, E. H. L. Aarts, and J. K. Lenstra, "Job shop
   scheduling by simulated annealing", Operations Research 40(1):113-125,
   January-February 1992.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-28] Music and AI

   Mira Balaban, Kemal Ebcioglu, and Otto Laske, editors, "Understanding
   Music with AI: Perspectives on Music Cognition", MIT Press, Cambridge,
   MA, 1992. 512 pages, ISBN 0-262-52170-9, $39.95.

   David Cope, "Computers and Musical Style", A-R Editions, Madison, WS,
   1991. 246 pages, ISBN 0-895-79256-7.
     [Music composition by computer using ATNs.]

   Minds and Machines 2(4) November 1992 was devoted to music and cognition,
   and there were some relevant book reviews in 3(1) February 1993.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-29] AI and Education

   Jill H. Larkin and Ruth W. Chabay, "Computer-assisted instruction
   and intelligent tutoring systems: Shared goals and complementary
   approaches", Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1992, 280 pages.
   ISBN 0-80580-233-9.

   Etienne Wenger, "Artificial Intelligence and Tuturing Systems",
   Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Los Altos, CA, 1987.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-30] Blackboard Architectures

   Daniel D. Corkill, "Blackboard Systems", AI Expert 6(9):40-47,
   September 1991. [An unabridged copy of this paper can be found
   at http://www.bbtech.com/bibli.html]

   Ian D. Craig, "Blackboard Systems", Ablex, Norwood, NJ, 1994.
   240 pages, ISBN 1-56750-029-3 paper ($24.50). 
   [Tutorial introduction/text.]

   Robert S. Engelmore and Anthony Morgan, editors, "Blackboard
   Systems", Addison-Wesley, 1988. 
   [Contains all classic papers on blackboard systems up to around
    1986; some papers were revised for this book.]

   V. Jagannathan, Rajendra Dodhiawala, and Lawrence S. Baum, editors,
   "Blackboard Architectures and Applications", Academic Press, 1989
   [Research efforts from 1986 to 1988.]

   Penny Nii, "Blackboard Systems", AI Magazine 7(3), 1986.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-31] Temporal Reasoning and Modal Logic

Mehmet A. Orgun, "Temporal and Modal Logic Programming: An Annotated
Bibliography", SIGART Bulletin 5(3):52-59, July 1994.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-32] Data Mining

Introductions:

    Cios, K.J., Pedrycz, W., and Swiniarski, R.W., "Data Mining
    Methods for Knowledge Discovery", Kluwer Academic Publishers,
    1998.  ISBN: 0792382528

Article Collections:

   International Journal of Intelligent Systems 7(7), September 1992.

   IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 5(6), December 1993.

   Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro and William J. Frawley, editors, "Knowledge
   Discovery in Databases", MIT Press, 1991.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-33]  Medicine/Biology/Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics : The Machine Learning Approach (Adaptive Computation and 
Machine Learning) by Pierre Baldi, Soren Brunak 
360 pages (February 13, 1998), MIT Press; ISBN: 026202442X

Computational Methods in Molecular Biology by Steven L. Salzberg
(Editor), David B. Searls (Editor), Simon Kasif (Editor) (January
1999) Elsevier Science; ISBN: 0444502041

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-34] AI book publication announcements mailing list

The AI BOOK ANNOUNCEMENTS mailing list exists to inform the AI
community about the publication of new AI-related books. 

This list hasn't been active since 1995.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-35] Who are the major AI publishers?

Ablex Publishing Corporation
355 Chestnut Street, Norwood, NJ 07648-2090
201-767-8455/8450
Fax: 201-767-6717

Academic Press
1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, CA 92101
Orders: 800-321-5068
Fax:    619-699-6715

AP Professional (imprint of Academic Press)
Marketing: 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495
Orders: 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32821-9816
Tel:    1-800-3131-APP (1-405-345-2525)
Fax:    1-800-336-7377
Email:  app@acad.com

Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
Route 128, 1 Jacob Way, Reading, MA 01867
800-447-2226 (617-944-3700)
Fax:   617-944-8243  617-944-7273
E-mail: bexpress@aw.com (must register with Book Express via paper mail first)

Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company
2727 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025
415-854-0300
390 Bridge Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065
800-552-2499, 415-594-4400
Email: bookinfo@bc.aw.com
Orders: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., Reading, MA 01867,
       800-447-2226, fax 800-333-3328
Canadian Orders: Addison-Wesley Publishers Ltd., PO Box 580, 26 Prince
       Andrew Place, Don Mills Ontario, CANADA M3C 2T8
       416-447-5101, fax 416-443-0948
International Orders: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, International
       Publishing Group, Jacob Way, Reading, MA 01867
       617-944-3700, fax 617-944-0826
Information/Examination Copies: 800-950-2665

Blackwell Scientific Publications, Inc.
3 Cambridge Center, Suite 208, Cambridge, MA 02142
617-225-0401
Fax:   617-225-0412
Osney Mead, PO Box 88, Oxford, 0X2 0EL, UK 0865-240201

Cambridge University Press
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10022
Orders: 800-221-4512, 212-924-3900, 800-872-7423

Chapman & Hall
One Penn Plaza, 41st Floor, New York, NY 10119
Tel: 1-800-634-7064 (212-244-6412)
Fax: 1-800-248-4724 (212-268-9964)
E-mail: 71201.1651@compuserve.com
In the UK call 0264-342923 or fax 0264-364418.
Overseas call 44-264-342830 or fax 44-264-342761.

Columbia University Press
562 West 113th Street, New York, NY 10025
800-944-8648

Computer Science Press, Inc.
41 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010-3546
212-576-9400

Computing Reviews
11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036

Cornell University Press
Box 250, 124 Roberts Place, Ithica, NY 14851
800-666-2211

Digital Press
225 Wildwood Street
Woburn, MA 01801  USA
Tel: 800-366-2665 (USA) or 617-928-2527
Fax: 800-446-6520 (USA) or 617-933-6333

Elsevier Science Publishing
655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10017
212-633-3827/3650
PO Box 211, Amsterdam, 1000 AE, The Netherlands
020-580-3641
Fax:    020-580-3769

Harvard University Press
79 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
617-495-2600/2480

Houghton Miflin Company
One Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142
617-252-3000
One Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108
800-225-3362

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
212-850-6000

Kluwer Academic Publishers
101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061.
PO Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358.
617-871-6600
Fax:   617-871-6528
Email: kluwer@world.std.com
Ftp-server: ftp.std.com:/Kluwer/ (See journals/ and books/ subdirectories.)
   The Kluwer ftp server offers the complete table of contents for
   Kluwer's EE & CS journals, the Aims & Scope, Instruction for Authors,
   Ordering information, and LaTeX style files. This service can also be
   reached using gopher.
Gopher-server: gopher.wkap.nl
Outside US: 
   Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands
   Tel: +31-78-524400
   Fax: +31-78-183273
   E-mail: services@wkap.nl 

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
365 Broadway, Hillsdale, NJ 07642
800-926-6579, (201-666-4110)
Fax:   201-666-2394
Email: orders@leahq.mhs.compuserve.com

Little Brown & Company
34 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108
617-227-0730
Fax:  617-227-4633

Macmillan Publishing 
866 Third Avenue, Third Floor, New York, NY 10022
800-257-5755 (212-702-2000)

McGraw Hill Book Company
1221 Avenue of the Americas, 43rd Floor, New York, NY 10020
800-442-9685 (212-512-2000)

MIT Press
55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02139-1399
617-253-5642
Customer Service: 617-625-8481
Orders: 800-356-0343 (617-625-8569)
Fax: 617-625-6660/9080
E-mail (orders): mitpress-orders@mit.edu
E-mail (inquiries): mitpress-orders-inq@mit.edu
Online catalogs: telnet techinfo.mit.edu and look under 
     Around MIT \ Offices & Services \ MIT Press 
     or use the gopher server, 
       gopher://gopher.mit.edu:70/
In Europe, contact MIT Press, 14 Bloomsbury Square, London WC1A
2LP England, phone 071-404-0712, fax 071-404-0610 or via e-mail
100315.1423@compuserve.com. In Australia, contact Astam Books, 57-61
John Street, Leichhardt, NSW 2040 Australia, phone 02-566-4400, fax
02-566-4411. 

Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.
340 Pine Street, Sixth Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104  USA
Orders: 800-745-7323 (415-392-2665)
Fax:    415-982-BOOK (= 415-982-2665)
Email:  orders@mkp.com
URL: http://market.net/literary/mkp/index.html
   Their "Readings in X" series is a good source of information
   on various AI topics. (Many of them are listed below.)
In Europe: Direct Distribution, 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex, BN3 2FA, UK
Tel (+44 273) 748427, Fax (+44 273) 722180

Oxford University Press
200 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
800-451-7556

Pergamon Press
395 Saw Mill River Road, Elmsford, NY 10523
800-257-5755 (914-592-7700)

Prentice Hall Inc.
College Division, 440 Sylvan Avenue, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632
201-592-2377
Orders: 800-223-1360 (fax to 800-495-6991) 800-526-0485
Fax: 201-461-4573
Email: books@prenhall.com, catalogs@prenhall.com

Princeton University Press
41 William Street, Princeton, NJ 08540
800-777-4726

Random House Publishing
201 East 50th Street, New York, NY 10022
212-751-2600

Springer Verlag
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010
800-SPRINGER/800-777-4643 (201-348-4033)
Fax: 201-348-4505

University Microfilms International
300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106
313-761-4700
   Copies of PhD theses off of microfilm.

University of Chicago Press
5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637
800-621-2736 (312-702-7700)

Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.
115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003
212-254-3232
Orders: 1-800-544-0550 or fax 606-525-7778

W. H. Freeman & Company
41 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010
212-576-9400
Fax:   212-689-2383

W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010
800-233-4830 (212-354-5500)

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-36] How do I get a copy of the proceedings to conference ?

First, ask your librarian for help. If your local library doesn't have it,
they may be able to get it on interlibrary loan.

If you want to buy your own copy, first check with the organization
that ran the conference. See part 3 of the AI FAQ for a list of many
of the AI organizations that sponsor conferences.

If they can't help you, contact the Institute for Scientific Information
(ISI), and look up the proceedings in their Index to Scientific and
Technical Proceedings (ISTP volumes). You can contact the ISI at

   Institute for Scientific Information, Inc.
   3501 Market Street
   Philadelphia, PA 19104
   Phone: 215-386-0100
   Fax: 215-386-6362

Another source for proceedings author and subject indexes is:

   Directory of Published Proceedings. 
   Series SEMT: Science/Engineering/Medicine/Technology.
   Published monthly with annual cumulations by InterDok, Harrison, NY. 
   ISSN 0012-3293.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-37] How do I get a copy of 's PhD dissertation?

Most dissertations from US universities are available from 

University Microfilms International, Inc.
300 North Zeeb Road
Ann Arbor, MI 48106
Phone: 800-521-0600 (313-761-4700)
       800-343-5299 (in Canada)

They will print a copy of the dissertation from microfilm and bind it
in paperbound or cloth for a reasonable fee.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-38] How do I get Tech Report X?

The easiest and cheapest way to get a copy of a tech report, paper, or
thesis is to send email to the author. Most researchers will be happy
to drop a copy of the report to you in the mail, or give you a pointer
to an online copy. In some cases they may direct you to a central
technical report coordinator for their department (see [6-2]), and
getting a copy may involve a nominal fee.

Scientific DataLink publishes AIDA (AI Database of Abstracts), a
CD-ROM of abstracts from AI technical reports on a subscription basis
with a new CD every 6 months. For more information, write to
Scientific DataLink, 270 Lafayette Street, Suite 704, New York, NY
10012, call 1-800-735-8655 or fax 212-966-3417. Ask

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-39] Videotapes and Magazines

Videotapes:

   The 4th episode of the PBS series "The Machine That Changed the World" is
   a good introduction to AI. It is available for $90 from Films for the
   Humanities, 1-800-257-5126.

   Morgan Kaufmann also has a good set of tapes of AI-related lectures, but
   it runs on the expensive side.

   University Video Communications sells a few AI-related videotapes,
   including Allen Newell's "Desires & Diversions". For more
   information, write to UVC, PO Box 5129, Stanford, CA 94309, call
   415-813-0506, fax 415-813-0315, or email uvc.lemon@forsythe.stanford.edu.

AI-related magazines include:

   AI EXPERT
   Miller Freeman, Inc., 600 Harrison Street, San Francisco, CA 94107.
   Subscriptions: 1-800-274-2534 (303-447-9330) or 71572.341@compuserve.com
   $42/year (12 issues), $6 extra in Canada and Mexico, 
   $15 extra (surface mail) or $40 (air mail) for overseas.
   Canadian GST# 124513185. For back-issues, call 1-800-444-4881.
   Submissions: Larry O'Brien, Editor in Chief, <72212.3256@compuserve.com>
   [AI Expert has ceased publication with the July 1995 issue.]

   PC AI (ISSN 0894-0711)
   3310 West Bell Road, Suite 119, Phoenix, AZ 85023.
   Subscriptions: 602-971-1869, fax 602-971-2321.
   $28/year (6 issues); $54 for two years; $78 for three years.
   $9 extra in Canada and Mexico, $25 extra (air mail) for all
   other countries. 

   Both magazines are excellent sources of commercial product reviews
   and frequently publish "Product Guides/Showcases" that list many of the
   commercial products available in a particular area of AI, such as
   expert systems, neural nets, natural language processing, and so on.

   BYTE Magazine does occasional features on AI topics. Program
   listings for those articles are available by anonymous ftp from

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