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;;; ****************************************************************
;;; Answers to Questions about Artificial Intelligence *************
;;; ****************************************************************
;;; Written by Ric Crabbe, Amit Dubey, and Mark Kantrowitz
;;; ai_4.faq
This part of the AI FAQ provides a bibliography of good introductory
texts, overviews of AI and specific subfields of AI, and some
important papers in those subfields. If you feel that there is a
reference or set of references which should be added to this FAQ, or
references which should be removed, please send email to
crabbe@usna.edu or adubey@coli.uni-sb.de. When suggesting references
to be included in a particular subfield, only suggest the best two or
three references (or a particularly well-written overview). It is NOT
the intention of this listing to be a comprehensive AI bibliography.
Books suggested by their authors must present a strongly argued case.
Part 4 (Bibliography):
Bibliography of introductory texts, overviews and references
Addresses and phone numbers for major AI publishers
Outline:
[4-0] General web repositories(was: Research Index (nee Citeceer))
[4-1] AI in general (Introductions, Overviews)
[4-2] Search and Game Playing
[4-3] Knowledge Representation
[4-4] Logic
[4-5] Planning
[4-6] Natural Language Processing (NLP)
[4-7] Speech Recognition and Synthesis
[4-8] Connectionism and Neural Nets
[4-9] Machine Learning
[4-10] Case-Based Reasoning
[4-11] Genetic Algorithms
[4-12] Production Systems, Expert Systems and Match Algorithms
[4-13] Integrated AI Architectures
[4-14] Fuzzy Logic
[4-15] Artificial Life and Cellular Automata
[4-16] Qualitative Physics and Model Based Reasoning
[4-17] Task-specific Architectures for Problem Solving
[4-18] Automated Deduction/Theorem Proving
[4-19] Probabilistic Reasoning
[4-20] Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Truth Maintenance Systems (TMS)
[4-21] Robotics and Computer Vision
[4-22] Animats and Autonomous Agents
[4-23] Distributed AI
[4-24] User/Agent Modeling
[4-25] Philosophy of AI
[4-26] Cyc
[4-27] Constraint-based Scheduling
[4-28] Music and AI
[4-29] AI and Education
[4-30] Blackboard Architectures
[4-31] Temporal Reasoning and Modal Logic
[4-32] Data Mining
[4-33] Medicine/Biology/Bioinformatics
[4-34] AI book publication announcements mailing list
[4-35] Who are the major AI publishers?
[4-36] How do I get a copy of the proceedings to conference ?
[4-37] How do I get a copy of 's PhD dissertation?
[4-38] How do I get Tech Report X?
[4-39] Videotapes and Magazines
Search for [#] to get to question number # quickly.
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Subject: [4-0] General web repositories(was: Research Index (nee Citeceer))
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/cs
"ResearchIndex is a scientific literature digital library that aims to
improve the dissemination and feedback of scientific literature, and
to provide improvements in functionality, usability, availability,
cost, comprehensiveness, efficiency, and timeliness.
Rather than creating just another digital library, ResearchIndex
provides algorithms, techniques, and software that can be used in
other digital libraries. ResearchIndex indexes Postscript and PDF
research articles on the Web..."
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/cs
Research index (though most people still call it citeseer) is the
currently best way to find published papers AND TRACK CITATIONS. It
is so cool, it's in the FAQ twice. (now 3 times).
==================
All of the AI Memos and Tech Reports from the MIT AI Lab, going back
to 1959, can be found here:
http://www.ai.mit.edu/publications/pubsDB/pubs.html . Great
historical documents, plus everything new. Need Winograd's Thesis?
There it is.
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Subject: [4-1] AI in general (Introductions, Overviews)
The lack of a review or the presence of a short review should not be
interpreted as indicating anything about the quality of the text.
Introductory texts:
Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach, 2nd Ed.", Prentice Hall, 2003. 1080 pages, $84.00. [Uses
intelligent agents as a unifying theme. Currently the most widely
used textbook. Excellent depth, incredible breadth.]
Thomas L. Dean, James Allen, John Aloimonons, "Artificial
Intelligence: Theory and Practice", Benjamin/Cummings, 1994. 680
pages, ISBN 0-8053-25476. [Lisp/Scheme/C++ code is available from
http://yoda.cis.temple.edu:8080/books/dean]
Matthew L. Ginsberg, "Essentials of AI", Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers, 1993, ISBN 1-55860-221-6, 430 pages, $49.95.
[Topics include search, knowledge representation, logic,
assumption-based truth maintenance, nonmonotonic reasoning,
probability, frames, semantic nets, planning, learning, vision,
natural language processing, and expert systems.]
George Luger and William Stubblefield, "Artificial Intelligence:
Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving", 2nd
Edition, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1993.
720 pages, ISBN 0-8053-4780-1.
[Includes algorithms implemented in Lisp and Prolog.]
D. Poole, A. Mackworth and R. Goebel, "Computational Intelligence: A
Logical Approach", Oxford University Press, 1998, 576 pages,
ISBN 0-19-510270-3. [Prolog code and other resources are available from
http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/poole/ci.html]
Ian Pratt, "Artificial Intelligence", Macmillan, London, 1994. 280
pages, ISBN 0-333-59755-9 ($35). [In-depth introduction to several
AI topics, using inference as a central theme. As a result, omits
topics like NLP, expert systems, vision, and robotics. Hence this
book is a good themed introduction to a subset of AI, but is not
suitable for a general purpose overview of AI.]
Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight, "Artificial Intelligence", 2nd edition,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991. ISBN 0-07-052263-4. [Once one of the
more popular introductory texts to AI, giving a very good general
overview of most AI topics. In some places the book sacrifices
depth for breadth, and a few more recent topics are neglected.
Nevertheless this book provides an excellent foundation in areas
central to AI. Source code is available from
ftp.cs.cmu.edu:/user/ai/areas/bookcode/knight/.]
Patrick Henry Winston, "Artificial Intelligence", Third Edition,
Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1992, ISBN 0-201-53377-4.
[A classic early AI text. This text is very much hands-on, with
actual toy examples. Source code is in ftp.ai.mit.edu:/pub/ai3/.]
Overviews and References:
Raymond Kurzweil's "The Age of Intelligent Machines", MIT Press,
1990, 565 pages, ISBN 0-262-11121-7, $39.95. [General Introduction]
Minsky, Marvin, "The Society of Mind", Simon and Schuster, New
York, 1988. 339 pages, ISBN 0-67-160740-5 ($21.95).
Gerhard Lakemeyer and Bernhard Nebel, "Exploring Artifical
Intelligence in the New Millennium", Morgan Kaufmann, 2003.
[highlights of the current state of AI as of the IJCAI2001
conference. 13 papers by distinguished researchers in their
fields.]
Howard E. Shrobe, editor, "Exploring Artificial Intelligence",
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1988.
(Survey talks from the AAAI 1986 and 1987 conferences.)
Avron Barr and Edward A. Feigenbaum, "The Handbook of Artificial
Intelligence", volumes 1-4, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1986.
Alan Bundy, editor, "Catalogue of Artificial Intelligence
Techniques", 3rd Edition, Springer Verlag, 1990, ISBN 0-387-52959-4,
179 pages, $29.50.
Stan Gibilisco, editor, "The McGraw-Hill Illustrated Encyclopedia of
Robotics and Artificial Intelligence", Tab Books, Blue Ridge Summit,
PA, 1994. 512 pages, ISBN 0-07-023613-5 hardcover ($40), ISBN
0-07-023614-3 paper ($25). [This entry tentative -- I haven't seen a
copy of the book yet.]
Shapiro, Stuart C. (ed), "Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence",
2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992. (1st ed, 1987)
Sundermeyer, K., "Knowledge-Based Systems: Terminology and References",
Wissenschaftverlag, 1991. ISBN 3-411-14941-8
Bonnie Lynn Webber and Nils J. Nilsson, "Readings in Artificial
Intelligence", Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1981.
Glossaries and Dictionaries:
Colin Beardon "Artificial Intelligence Terminology: a reference guide"
John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1989, 283 pages. ISBN 0-7458-0718-6
Dennis Mercadal, "Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence", Van
Nostrand Reinhold, 1994. ISBN 0-442-00451-6, $36.95.
Online Dictionary of Computing
http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/
Contains a glossary of computer science terminology with
cross-references and links to related Internet resources.
P610.8, "Draft Standard Glossary of Artificial Intelligence Terminology"
referenced in "IEEE Std 610.12-1990, IEEE Standard Glossary of
Software Technology, December 1990".
Jerry M. Rosenberg, "Dictionary of Artificial Intelligence and
Robotics", Wiley, New York, 1986, 203 pages.
Raoul N. Smith, editor, "The Facts on File Dictionary of Artificial
Intelligence", Facts on File, New York, 1989, 211 pages.
ISBN 0-8160-1593-3.
Ellen Thro, "The Artificial Intelligence Dictionary", Microtrend Books,
San Marcos, CA, 1991, 407 pages, ISBN 0-915391-36-8.
Applied AI:
Hugh Cartwright , "Applications of Artificial
Intelligence in Chemistry" Oxford University Press, 1994. 92 pages,
ISBN 0-19-855736-1.
[An inexpensive text that is aimed at undergraduate and graduate
students in engineering, physical and life sciences who have little or
no prior knowledge of AI. It provides an overview of the use and
potential of AI methods in the sciences.]
AI for C People:
Herbert Schildt, "Artificial Intelligence Using C", McGraw-Hill,
1987. 412 pages. ISBN 0-07-881255-0.
Herbert Schildt, "Artificial Intelligence Using C++", McGraw-Hill.
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Subject: [4-2] Search, Game Playing and Video Game AI
Search:
Hermann Kaindl, "Minimaxing: Theory and Practice", AI Magazine,
9(3):69-76, Fall 1988.
L. Kanal and V. Kumar, "Search in Artificial Intelligence",
Springer-Verlag, 1988.
Kirkpatrick, S. Gelatt, CD, and Vecchi, MP, "Optimization by Simulated
Annealing", Science 220(4589):671-680, 1983.
R. Korf, "Search: A survey of recent results" in Shrobe's Exploring
Artificial Intelligence, pages 197-237, August 1990.
Pearl, J. and Korf, R. E., "Search techniques", Annual Review of
Computer Science, volume 2, J.F. Traub, B.J. Grosz, B.W. Lampson and
N.J. Nilsson, editors, pages 451-467, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo
Alto, CA, 1987.
Pearl, J., "Heuristics: Intelligent Search Strategies for Computer
Problem Solving", Addison-Wesley, 1984.
Chris Thornton & Benedict du Boulay, "Artificial Intelligence
Through Search" Kluwer Academic (Paperback version Intellect Books),
Dordrecht Netherlands & Norwell, MA USA (Intellect at Oxford), 1992
Game Playing:
Richard Bartle, "Artificial Intelligence and Computer Games",
Century Communications Ltd., UK, 1985. ISBN 0-7126-0661-0.
Elwyn R. Berlekamp, John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, "Winning Ways,
for Your Mathematical Plays", Academic Press, New York, 1982. Volume
1: Games in General (ISBN 0-12-091101-9). Volume 2: Games in
Particular (ISBN 01-12-091102-7).
Richard E. Korf, "Learning to solve problems by searching for
macro-operators", Pitman, Boston, 1985. 147 pages, ISBN 0-273-08690-1.
[Solution to Rubik's Cube, among other problems. This book is a
revision of Korf's PhD thesis at CMU.]
David Levy, "Computer Gamesmanship: Elements of Intelligent Game
Design", Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-671-49532-1.
David Levy, editor, "Computer Chess Compendium", Springer-Verlag,
1989. 440 pages, ISBN 0-387-91331-9 ($48).
Richard Bartle, "Artificial Intelligence and Computer Games",
Century Communications Ltd., UK, 1985. ISBN 0-7126-0661-0.
Video Game AI:
Steve Rabin, ed. "AI Game Programming Wisdom (with CD-ROM)",
Charles River Media, Boston, 2002 ISBN: 1584500778
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Subject: [4-3] Knowledge Representation
[Several papers in "Readings in Artificial Intelligence" are relevant,
including S. Amarel "On Representations of Problems on Reasoning about
Actions" and P.J. Hayes "The Frame Problem and Related Problems in AI".]
Overviews/Surveys:
Ronald J. Brachman, "The Future of Knowledge Representation", in
Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial
Intelligence, 1990.
Hector J. Levesque, "Knowledge Representation and Reasoning",
Annual Review of Computer Science 1:255-287, 1986.
General Papers:
Ronald J. Brachman, " ``I lied about the trees'', or, defaults and
definitions in knowledge representation", AI Magazine 6(3):80-93, 1985.
Brachman, Ronald J. and Levesque, Hector J., editors,
"Readings in Knowledge Representation", Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers, 1985.
Brachman, Ronald J., Levesque, Hector J. and Reiter, Ray, editors,
Special Volume on Knowledge Representation, Artificial Intelligence
49(1-3), January, 1991.
Ronald J. Brachman and James G. Schmolze, "An overview of the
KL-ONE knowledge representation system", Cognitive Science,
9:171-216, 1985.
Nick Cercone and Gordon McCalla, editors, "The Knowledge Frontier:
Essays in the Representation of Knowledge", Springer-Verlag, New York,
1987. 512 pages, $40.00, ISBN 0-38796-557-2. (This is the much
revised version of a special issue of COMPUTER on KR.)
Allen Newell, "The Knowledge Level", Artificial Intelligence,
18:87-127, 1982.
Allen Newell and Herb Simon, "Computer Science as Empirical
Enquiry: Symbols and Search", Communications of the ACM,
19(3):113-126, 1976.
Bernhard Nebel and Gert Smolka, "Attributive Description Formalisms
... and the Rest of the World", in Otthein Herzog and Claus-Rainer
Rollinger, editors, Text Understanding in LILOG, Springer Verlag,
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence #546, pages 439-452, 1991.
[Theoretical results in the area of description logics.]
Semantic Networks:
Fritz Lehmann, Editor, "Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence",
Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1992. (Appeared as a double special issue
of Computers and Mathematics with Applications 23(2-9), 1992.)
James G. Schmolze and William A. Woods, "The KL-ONE Family", in
F. Lehmann, editor, Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence,
Pergamon Press, 1992. [History of description logics (KL-ONE style
systems).]
John Sowa, Editor, "Principles of Semantic Networks", Morgan Kaufmann,
San Mateo, CA, 1991.
W.A. Woods, "What's in a link: Foundations for semantic networks", In
D.G. Bobrow & A. Collins (Eds.), "Representation and Understanding",
Academic Press, New York, 1975. Reprinted in "Readings in Cognitive
Science", Collins & Smith (eds.), section 2.2.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-4] Logic
Logic in AI:
M.R. Genesereth and N.J. Nilsson, "Logical Foundations of Artificial
Intelligence", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Los Altos, CA, 1987.
Constraint Logic Programming:
Pascal Van Hentenryck, "Constraint Satisfaction in Logic Programming",
MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989, ISBN 0-262-08181-4.
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Subject: [4-5] Planning
Intros, Overviews, Paper Collections:
James Allen, James Hendler and Austin Tate, editors,
"Readings in Planning", Morgan-Kaufmann Publishers, 1990. 754 pages,
ISBN 1-55860-130-9 paper ($49.95).
Georgeff, M. P., "Planning," in Annual Review of Computer Science,
Annual Reviews Inc., pages 359-400, 1987.
James Hendler, Austin Tate and Mark Drummond, "AI Planning:
Systems and Techniques", AI Magazine, May, 1990. (Review article.)
Drew McDermott, "Robot Planning", AI Magazine 13(2):55-79, Summer 1992.
William R. Swartout, "DARPA Workshop on Planning", AI Magazine,
9(2):115-131, Summer, 1988. (Survey of current work and issues in
planning.)
[See also Waldinger's "Achieving several goals simultaneously", in
"Readings in Artificial Intelligence".]
STRIPS:
Fikes, R.E. and Nilsson, N.J., "STRIPS: A new approach to the
application of theorem proving to problem solving", Artificial
Intelligence 2:189-208, 1971.
ABSTRIPS:
Sacerdoti, E. D., "Planning in a Hierarchy of Abstraction Spaces,"
Artificial Intelligence, 5:115-135, 1974.
Conjunctive Goals:
Chapman, D., "Planning for Conjunctive Goals", Artificial Intelligence
32:333-377, 1987.
NOAH:
Sacerdoti, E., "A Structure for Plans and Behavior", Artificial
Intelligence, pages 1-65, American Elsevier, New York, 1977.
Sacerdoti, E. D., "The Nonlinear Nature of Plans," Proc. of the Fourth
Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, 1975, 206-214.
Reactive Planning:
Agre P.E. and Chapman, D., "Pengi: An Implementation of a Theory of
Activity", in Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA, July 1987.
Georgeoff, M.P. and Lansky, A.L., "Reactive Reasoning and
Planning", in Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA, pages 677-682, July 1987.
Simmons, R.G., "A theory of debugging plans and interpretations", in
Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Artificial
Intelligence (AAAI-88), Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Palo Alto,
CA, pages 94-99, 1988.
Case-based Planning:
Hammond, K., "Case-based Planning: Viewing Planning as a Memory Task",
Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989.
Miscellaneous:
R.S. Aylett and A.N. Fish and S.R. Bartrum, "Task planning in an
uncertain world", International Conference on Control 2:801-806, 1991.
Thomas Dean and R. James Firby and David Miller, "Hierarchical
Planning Involving Deadlines, Travel Time, and Resources", Computing
Intelligence 4:381-398, 1988.
Thomas Dean and Michael Wellman, "Planning and Control", Morgan
Kaufmann Publishers, 1991, 486 pages, ISBN 1-55860-209-7, $49.95.
Stefik, M.J., "Planning with Constraints", Artificial Intelligence
15:111-140 and 16:141-170, 1981.
R. Wilensky, "Meta-Planning: Representing and Using Knowledge About
Planning in Problem Solving and Natural Language Understanding",
Cognitive Science 5:197-233, 1981. Reprinted in Readings in Cognitive
Science, Collins & Smith (eds.), section 5.6.
Wilkins, D.E., "Domain-Independent Planning: Representation and Plan
Generation", Artificial Intelligence 22:269-301, 1984.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-6] Natural Language Processing (NLP)
General:
Fred Jelinek, "Statistical Methods for Speech Recognition", MIT
Press.
Christopher D. Manning, Hinrich Schutze, "Foundations of
Statistical Natural Language Processing", MIT Press 1999. [A
review can be found at:
http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/llee/papers/pre-msrev.html ]
Eugene Charniak, Statistical Language Learning. MIT Press. 1993.
Allen, James F., "Natural Language Understanding", 2nd edition, The
Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Menlo Park, California,
(Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts), 1995.
625 pages, ISBN 0-8053-0335-9. Code for the book is available from
bc.aw.com:/bc/allen/
ftp.cs.rochester.edu:/pub/u/james/NLcode/
ftp.cs.cmu.edu:/user/ai/areas/nlp/bookcode/allen/
Robert C. Berwick, "Computational Linguistics", MIT Press,
Cambridge, MA, 1989, ISBN 0262-02266-4.
Brady, Michael, and Berwick, Robert C., "Computational Models
of Discourse", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983.
Michael A. Covington, "Natural Language Processing for Prolog
Programmers", Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994. ISBN
0-13-629213-5.
Gazdar, G. and Mellish, C., "Natural Language Processing in Lisp:
An Introduction to Computational Linguistics", Addison-Wesley,
Reading, Massachusetts, 1989. (There are three different editions
of the book, one for Lisp, one for Prolog, and one for Pop-11.)
Grosz, Barbara J., Sparck-Jones, Karen, and Webber, Bonnie L.,
"Readings in Natural Language Processing", Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers, Los Altos, CA, 1986, 664 pages. ISBN 0-934613-11-7, $44.95.
Klaus K. Obermeier, "Natural Language Processing Technologies
in Artificial Intelligence: The Science and Industry Perspective",
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.
Fernando C.N. Pereira and Barbara Grosz, "Natural Language
Processing", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994. 531 pages, ISBN
0-262-66092-X ($35).
Schank, R. and Abelson, R. "Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding,"
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1977.
Terry Winograd, "Language as a Cognitive Process", Addison-Wesley,
Reading, MA, 1983.
Terminology:
David Crystal, "A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics", 3rd Edition,
Basil Blackwell Publishers, New York, 1991.
Parsing:
Dick Grune and Ceriel J.H. Jacobs, "Parsing Techniques -- A Practical
Guide", Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England, 1990.
320 pages, ISBN 0-13-651431-6. [Covers most parsing algorithms and
includes an extensive annotated bibliography.]
For more information, see http://www.cs.vu.nl/~dick/PTAPG.html or
ftp://ftp.cs.vu.nl/pub/dick/PTAPG/
Marcus, M. "A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural Language,"
The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1980.
Pereira, F. and Sheiber, S. "Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis,"
Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1987.
Tomita, M. (Editor), "Current Issues in Parsing Technology",
Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 1991.
Tomita, M., "An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm",
Computational Linguistics 13:31-46, 1987.
Statistical Parsing and Modeling:
Peter F. Brown and Stephen A. DellaPietra and Vincent
J. DellaPietra and Jennifer C. Lai and Robert L. Mercer, "An
Estimate of an Upper Bound for the Entropy of English",
Computational Linguistics, 18:1 pp31-40, 1992.
Eugene Charniak, "Statistical Language Learning", MIT Press, 1993.
[Easy-to-read text, if a bit dated.]
Eugene Charniak, "Statistical Parsing with a Context-Free Grammar
and Word Statistics", AAAI, 1997.
Stanley F. Chen and Joshua T. Goodman, "An Empirical Study of
Smoothing Techniques for Language Modeling", Proceedings of the
34th Annual Meeting of the ACL, 1996.
Michael Collins, "Three Generative, Lexicalised Models for
Statistical Parsing", Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the
ACL, 1997.
F. Jelinek and J. D. Lafferty and R. L. Mercer, "Basic Methods of
Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars", Computational Linguistics, 1992/
K. Lari and S.J. Young, "Applications of Stochastic Context-Free
Grammars using the Inside-Outside Algorithm", Computer Speech and
Language 5:237-257, 1991.
David Magerman, "Natural Language Parsing as Statistical Pattern
Recognition", PhD thesis, Stanford University, 1994.
M. Marcus and B. Santorini and M. Marcinkiewicz, "Building a Large
Annontated Corpus of English: the Penn Treebank", Computational
Linguistics, 19:2, 1993
Fernando Pereira and Naftali Tishby and Lillian Lee,
"Distributional Clustering of English Words", Proceedings of the
31st Annual Meeting of the ACL, 1993.
Wright, J., "LR Parsing of Probabilistic Grammars with Input
Uncertainty for Speech Recognition", Computer Speech and Language
4:297-323, 1990.
Zhi Biao Wu, Loke Soo Hsu, and Chew Lim Tan, "A Survey of Statistical
Approaches to Natural Language Processing", Technical report TRA4/92,
Department of Information Systems and Computer Science, National
University of Singapore, 1992
Natural Language Understanding:
Bertram C. Bruce, "Case systems for natural language", Artificial
Intelligence 6:327-360, 1975.
E. Charniak, "Passing Markers: A Theory of Contextual Influence in
Language Comprehension", Cognitive Science, 7:171-190, 1983.
Cohen, P. R., Morgan, J. and Pollack, M., editors, "Intentions in
Communication", MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990.
Dyer, M. "In-Depth Understanding: A Computer Model of Integrated
Processing for Narrative Comprehension," MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983.
Grosz, Barbara J. and Sidner, Candace L., "Attention, Intention, and
the Structure of Discourse", Computational Linguistics 12(3):175-204, 1986.
Aravind Joshi, Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag, "Elements of Discourse
Understanding", Cambridge University Press, New York, 1981.
Yorick Wilks, "A Preferential, Pattern-Seeking, Semantics For
Natural Language Inference", Artificial Intelligence, 6:53-74, 1975.
Natural Language Interfaces:
Raymond C. Perrault and Barbara J. Grosz, "Natural Language
Interfaces", Annual Review of Computer Science, volume 1, J.F. Traub,
editor, pages 435-452, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1986.
Natural Language Generation:
McKeown, Kathleen R. and Swartout, William R., "Language
Generation and Explanation", in Zock, M. and Sabah, G.,
editors, Advances in Natural Language Generation, Volume 1, Pages
1-51, Ablex Publishing Company, Norwood, NJ, 1988. (Overview of
the state of the art in natural language generation.)
There are several books published as a result of the international
workshops on natural language generation.
Machine Translation:
Bonnie J. Dorr, "Machine Translation: A View from the Lexicon" MIT
Press, Cambridge, MA 1993. 408 pages, ISBN 0-262-04138-3 ($45).
Kenneth Goodman and Sergei Nirenburg., editors, "The KBMT Project: A
Case Study in Knowledge-Based Machine Translation", Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1991. 331 pages, ISBN 1-558-60129-5, $34.95.
W. John Hutchins and Harold L. Somers, "An Introduction to Machine
Translation", Academic Press, San Diego, 1992. 362 pages, ISBN
0-123-62830-X.
A review of MT systems on the market appeared in BYTE 18(1), January 1993.
(can anyone give me a proper citation for this?)
Linguistics:
Vivian J. Cook, "Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction", Basil
Blackwell Publisher, New York, 1988, 201 pages.
Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman, "An Introduction to Language",
Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, 4th edition, 1988, 474 pages.
Ralph Grishman, "Computational Linguistics: An Introduction",
Cambridge University Press, New York, 1986, 193 pages. [Mainly parsing.]
Liliane M.V. Haegeman, "Introduction to Government and Binding
Theory", Basil Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 1991, 618 pages.
Michael A. K. Halliday, "An Introduction to Functional Grammar",
Edward Arnold, London, 1985.
Geoffrey C. Horrocks, "Generative Grammar", Longman, London, 1987,
339 pages.
Andrew Radford, "Transformational Grammar: A First Course", Cambridge
University Press, New York, 1988, 625 pages.
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Subject: [4-7] Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Speech Recognition and Synthesis:
John Allen, Sharon Hunnicut and Dennis H. Klatt, "From Text to Speech:
The MITalk System", Cambridge University Press, 1987. [Synthesis,
precursor of DECtalk.]
Frank Fallside and William A. Woods (editors), "Computer Speech Processing"
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1985.
X. D. Huang, Y. Ariki and M. A. Jack, "Hidden Markov Models for Speech
Recognition", Edinburgh University Press, 1990. [Analysis]
A. Nejat Ince (editor), "Digital Speech Processing: Speech Coding,
Synthesis, and Recognition", Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston,
1992. [Analysis and Synthesis]
Dennis H. Klatt, "Review of Text-To-Speech Conversion for English",
Journal of the Acoustic Society of America (JASA), 82(3):737-793,
September 1987. [Synthesis. Seminal article; biased toward formant
synthesis.]
Kai-Fu Lee, "Automatic Speech Recognition: The Development of the
SPHINX System", Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, 1989. [Analysis]
S. E. Levinson, L. R. Rabiner and M. M. Sondhi, "An Introduction to the
Application of the Theory of Probabilistic Functions of a Markov Process
to Automatic Speech Recognition" in Bell Syst. Tech. Journal
62(4):1035-1074, April 1983. [Analysis]
R. P. Lippmann, "Review of Neural Networks for Speech Recognition",
Neural Computation, 1(1):1-38, 1989. [Analysis]
Martin, P., et. al., SpeechActs: A Spoken Language Framework. IEEE
Computer, 29(7), 1996.
Douglas O'Shaughnessy, "Speech Communication: Human and Machine"
Addison-Wesley, MA, 1987. [Analysis and Synthesis]
Lawrence R. Rabiner and Ronald W. Schafer, "Digital Processing of
Speech Signals", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1978.
[Analysis and Synthesis]
Lawrence R. Rabiner and Biing-Hwang Juang, "Fundamentals of Speech
Recognition", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993.
ISBN 0-13-015157-2. [Analysis]
Ronald W. Schafer and John D. Markel (editors), "Speech Analysis",
IEEE Press, New York, 1979. [Analysis]
Alex Waibel and Kai-Fu Lee (editors), "Readings in Speech Recognition"
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1990, 680 pages.
ISBN 1-55860-124-4, $49.95. [Analysis]
Alex Waibel, "Prosody and Speech Recognition", Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers, San Mateo, CA, 1988. [Analysis]
Speaker Recognition:
B. S. Atal, "Automatic recognition of speakers from their voices",
Proc. IEEE, 64:460-475, April 1976.
G.R. Doddington, "Speaker recognition -- identifying people by their
voices", Proc. IEEE, 73:1651-1664, March 1985.
A. E. Rosenberg, "Automatic speaker verification: A review",
Proc. IEEE, 64:475-487, April 1976.
A.E. Rosenberg and F.K. Soong, "Recent research in automatic speaker
recognition," in S. Furui and M. Sondhi, editors, Advances in Speech
Sigmal Processing, 1991.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [4-8] Connectionism and Neural Nets
See the comp.ai.neual-nets faq at:
ftp://ftp.sas.com/pub/neural/FAQ.html
It is more up to date and more complete.
Introductions and Overviews:
Andy Clark, "Associative Engines: Connectionism, Concepts, and
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