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network. Lot of different services (e.g. gopher, ftp, WWW, data bases)
provided by member organizations are available on the net. Centrally
supported and coordinated services are:
- email (internet SMPT, EARN BSMTP, OSI X.400, UUCP, XXX ELLA)
- email gateways between the different email systems above
- distribution services (LISTSERV, news)
- information services (ftp, gopher, WWW servers, data bases)
- directory services (X.500)
- individual accounts and login
External Connectivity:
HUNGARNET is subscriber to EBONE and EMPB/EuropaNET as well. There are
two 64 kbps leased lines to EBONE (Vienna EBS). These two lines should
be upgraded to a single 256 kbps line in the near future. HUNGARNET
uses two 64 kbps interfaces on the EMPB/EuropaNET node in Budapest as
well. These two interfaces should also be upgraded to a single 256 kbps
interface very soon.
Internal Connectivity:
Internal connectivity of HUNGARNET is based partly on the public X.25
service of the Hungarian PTT and partly on the community's private IP
backbone network (HBONE). The kernel of the HBONE infrastructure is in
Budapest, where several important organizations are connected in
different ways (64-256 kbps leased lines, 1-2 Mbps microwave links, 10
Mbps optical Ethernet, 100 Mbps FDDI). Several cities (regional
centers) in the country are also connected to the network via 64 kbps
leased lines (Miskolc, Nyiregyhaza, Debrecen, Kecskemet, Szeged, Pecs,
Veszprem) and 2 Mbps microwave (Godollo). Now there are about 50
organizations directly connected to the backbone and about 50 others
using IP over X.25. The number of the registered, connected hosts is
about ten thousand. There is an ongoing development, new regional
centers (Kaposvar, Keszthely, Szombathely, Sopron, Gyor) and several
organizations in Budapest will be connected subsequently. Many users
do not have IP connectivity yet but are connected to the public X.25
network. There are several services (e.g. individual login, mail,
gopher, news) that are open for traditional XXX/X.25 access.
Contact Persons:
Miklos NAGY - head of the HUNGARNET/IIF
coordination office
Laszlo CSABA - HUNGARNET/IIF technical director
Balazs MARTOS - HBONE project manager
Nandor HORVATH - Local Internet Registry,
.hu top level domain contact
IP address and domain administration:
Network management:
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 4.3 FidoNet
FidoNet connects through sztaki.hu, as indicated above.
There are three FidoNet nodes: Budapest NET (2:371/0); West Hungary
Net (2:372/0); and Tisza NET (2:370/0). If you want to write on the
FidoNet, chances are you already know how. *PLEASE* find out what you
are about to do instead of experimenting with the Hungarian net - don't
add to the problems for the folks in Hungary having to deal with the
underdeveloped phone system and outrageous international tolls ;-<. For
further information I post a Fido-sheet separately from this FAQ, where
there are also telephone numbers and further addresses, but again: try
to verify that you are mailing to a valid address (the BBS situation
may have changed since the copy you are reading got updated - look for
current FIDO listing on the net, or better yet contact the person you
want to reach by other means first)!. If you can send Internet email
and have the FidoNet address, you can write to it by transforming it to
appropriate .FIDONET.ORG format.
Fidonet mail works with Hungarian BBS's but you have to know whom to
reach. I will attempt to maintain a separate Fido posting to Usenet;
please try to make sure you email to a valid address and in particular
avoid using outdated sources on Hungarian BBS's (otherwise your
misdirected trial will burden the Hungarian network coordinator!).
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 4.4 Finding out somebody's email-address in Hungary
The bigger academic domains have on-line directories (CSO phonebooks):
Technical University, Budapest
gopher://goliat.eik.bme.hu/11/engl/tel-adat/hazi-tele
Budapest University of Economic Sciences*
gopher://URSUS.BKE.HU:71/11/kozgaz/telefon
(*under construction)
Semmelweis University of Medical Sciences, Budapest
Central Research Inst. of Physics, Budapest
Members of the Szeged University Association
Janus Pannonius University of Sciences, Pecs
University of Veszprem
ELLA also has an on-line directory:
(i.e. address a special port). Note that the opening screen uses
special characters for the accented letters but the data records have
combinations of vowel plus ',: or " instead (i.e. searching for
hollo'si would retrieve a record, but hollosi won't)!
If the person has registered him/herself with the RaDir database of
HIX, you might try the following (note, however, that most parts of
RaDir are badly out of date):
- by (a link to the same is
offered by on the World Wide Web); from
inside Hungary use , or
(this last one is a true HTML
search form)). Under RaDir, you'll find the entire database
cross-indexed by search keys.
- by 'finger +whois:"SEARCHWORD"@www.hix.com' you can look up records
containing "SEARCHWORD" string in the database
- by email: send a blank message . You'll
receive, in several chunks, the entire database of users, their
electronic and snail-mail addresses, etc. You'll need a decent editor
to search what you're looking for.
If you have some idea what institution to check at, you may find an
online directory service -- many are available, and could be reached
through the Hungarian gophers (or WWW sites) mentioned in section 3.
Try contacting the (electronic) postmaster, usually
postmaster@site.domain.name, or using 'finger' to inquire about users.
As a last resort, send in your query to a discussion group. Readers of
, discussion
list (section 1.7), or some HIX-list ( in
particular, see 2.1) may be able to help. Be aware, though, that most
participants are located abroad - especially in the case of the Usenet
group!
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 5. ODDS AND ENDS
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 5.1 Traveling with a computer in Hungary
The electricity is 220 V, 50 Hz. The frequency, in fact, fluctuates a
lot, but it doesn't cause any problem when operating computer devices.
(Don't trust too much your plug-in clock radios though.) If you are
from any country running on 110 V or around, due to complications in
voltage conversion, a battery driven laptop or notebook is your best
bet. However, if you decide to take your desktop system, printer, etc.,
you have a good chance that the device can also be operated on 220 V.
Check it first before you go through unnecessary trouble. If not, you
have to apply 220 V to 110 V AC converters (you might need more than
one; check the power ratings of your devices & converters). WARNING!
Your converters should be designed for *electronic/motorized devices*.
Refuse any converter for *heating appliances* even if its power rating
is much higher! These converters are not real transformers, and can
cause major damages to your electronic devices.
Also make sure you are able to connect to the Hungarian grounded power
outlet, because that's what's recommended for your appliances.
Therefore you should try to find grounded plug adapters and/or voltage
converters. Connecting to ungrounded outlets causes possibly no harm,
but for your own & your devices' safety grounded connections should be
preferred.
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 5.2 Conventions & standards for coding Hungarian accents
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 5.2.0 Introduction & section overview
During the evolution of teletypes and computers, two character tables
survived, acquiring major importance in later computer systems. One is
EBCDIC, primarily used in ancient IBM mainframes. The other one, ASCII,
can be considered today's ubiquitous standard in computing worldwide.
The rest of this section, therefore, pays attention to ASCII code, very
unfairly ignoring EBCDIC, since none of the accent conversion programs
support neither this code table nor the CMS environment.
Since the language of computing has been English from the beginning,
the original ASCII table was limited to the characters used in English:
letters of the Latin alphabet, a few punctuation marks and some other
special symbols. Since the number of all these characters, plus the
unprintable "control" characters (located in the first 32 positions of
the ASCII table, responsible for different control functions) doesn't
exceed 128, the real 'brilliant' idea of representing the ASCII table
in 7 bits spread like wild fire all over the computer world. No wonder,
that most of the Internet mailers and Usenet hubs are also set up to
forward documents in 7-bit ASCII only. (Read the rest of the section
carefully to learn how to overcome these problems.) As computing and
word processing started to rise up in the rest of the world, there was
an increasing demand to represent these national characters as well. (A
good example is Hungarian. The extra consonants [nonexistent in
English] are formed by merely juxtaposing 2 (or 3 in case of dzs)
regular Latin characters; so there is no problem here. However, the
special vowels of the language are denoted by applying different
accents on the Latin 'base-vowel', introducing new characters, the so
called accented vowels.) It's an obvious idea to place these national
characters and other fancy symbols utilizing codes 128 to 255, still
remaining within the byte limit. Different character sets have been
created by defining purpose- or language-specific characters for the
upper half of the table, while keeping the 7-bit ASCII codes unchanged.
(Note: Some character sets also re-use codes between 0 and 31, the
domain of ASCII control characters, keeping some, or none of them.
Using these codes, however, is pretty difficult, device- and
implementation-dependent, etc. Therefore it wouldn't be wise to put
accented characters here, but fortunately none of the sets listed below
did it actually.) Hopefully Unicode will ultimately stop this
confusion, but until then there's a long long way to go.
At this point let's clarify the terminology:
.. ASCII (also 7-bit or plain ASCII) data:
Usually text (but not necessarily, see 5.2.5.1.), containing only 7-bit
ASCII characters, including the control ones.
.. 8-bit (extended) ASCII data:
Text containing the uniform 7-bit ASCII characters, plus special
characters (with code greater than 127) according to one of the 8-bit
character sets.
.. Binary data:
Non-text data (executables, pictures, etc.) containing any 8-bit value.
The different kludges accepted by Internet users to denote accented
vowels in 7-bit ASCII are described in 5.2.1. The most important
extended ASCII character sets are introduced in 5.2.2. 5.2.3 shows the
accented character representations used by high-level formatting
languages. The correct ways of transferring files among word processor
[on the Net] are detailed in 5.2.4. If the data to be transferred is
not 7-bit ASCII, 5.2.5 tells you what to do. Last, but not least, 5.2.6
introduces the programs in the HIX archives (and mentions some others)
that address the problem of conversion between the various types of
accent representation.
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 5.2.1 House rules for plain (7-bit) ASCII
If you are limited to the use of 7-bit ASCII, you have essentially the
following choices to deal with the accented characters:
5.2.1.0 No accent marks at all
Simple and sure-fire. In fact, the most common 'solution'.
5.2.1.1 The '~" coding (also called "marking notation" or "Babai-code")
[Sometimes nicknamed as _repu~lo"_.]
Here's a sample:
O~t hu"to"ha'zbo'l ke'rtu~nk szi'nhu'st
a'rvi'ztu"ro" tu~ko~rfu'ro'ge'p
O~t sze'p szu"zla'ny o"ru~lt i'ro't nyu'z
or, in the alternative ':" _repu:lo"_ format:
O:t hu"to"ha'zbo'l ke'rtu:nk szi'nhu'st
a'rvi'ztu"ro" tu:ko:rfu'ro'ge'p
O:t sze'p szu"zla'ny o"ru:lt i'ro't nyu'z
Quite readable, though a bit tricky to disambiguate mechanically:
remember, the " or : or ' may also serve as punctuation marks. (This
problem can be handled using Maxent's escaping capabilities, see
5.2.6.6.)
Warning! Don't get confused: in TeX (see 5.2.3.1) " denotes umlaut!
5.2.1.2 The 123 coding (also "numerical notation" or "Pro1sze1ky-code")
Here's the same text:
O2t hu3to3ha1zbo1l ke1rtu2nk szi1nhu1st
a1rvi1ztu3ro3 tu2ko2rfu1ro1ge1p
O2t sze1p szu3zla1ny o3ru2lt i1ro1t nyu1z
The only one that's both short and unambiguous, though it takes some
getting used to. 1 stands for the stroke, 2 for the short umlaut, 3 for
the 'Hungarian' or long umlaut (double acute). Very easily converted to
other formats. (Also can be ambiguous, though with much smaller
probability. E.g. U2, CO2, u21591@uicvm.uic.edu, etc.)
5.2.1.3 Telegraphic style. For example,
Oet huetoehaazbool keertuenk sziinhuust
aarviiztueroe tuekoerfuuroogeep
Oet szeep szuezlaany oeruelt iiroot nyuuz
Avoid it like the plague because
1. It's ambiguous. (Think of Goethe, Oetker, Eoersi, Csooori, poeen.)
2. Coding of o" & u" (o3 & u3) is not consistent:
u3 = ue (fallback to u2), uue, uee, ueue
3. Absolutely not a pleasure to read.
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 5.2.2 Fancy 8-bit character sets (extended ASCII)
The following rollcall lists the most important character sets
supported by the majority of hardware and software, including the
accent conversion programs. The available Hungarian accented characters
are detailed for each set.
Notes:
Henceforth when referring to an accented character, the numerical
(Pro1sze1ki) notation will be used to maintain clarity.
5.2.2.1 PC-codepages
(*) PC-437: Hardware
The basic hardware character set of PC-compatible systems. Since it
was supposed to contain many symbols (line drawing characters, some
Greek letters, etc.), and be general, it's pretty poor in terms of
accented characters. Missing Hungarian vowels: o3, u3 [substitute them
with o^ & u^], A1 [substitute it with A-circle], I1, O1, O3, U1, U3.
(*) CWI recommendation for Hungarian accents:
A standard initiative to replace the many house rules of character code
assignment for accents unavailable in PC-437. Codes are assigned as
follows:
o3->147 [o^], u3->150 [u^], A1->143, I1->141 [i`] or 140 [I^],
O1->149 [o`], O3->167, U1->151 [u`], U3->153 [y~]
(*) PC-850: Multilingual
Contains all the accented vowels but ?3. Substitute them with ?^.
Note: ? means o, u, O or U.
(*) PC-852: Latin 2
Contains all the accented vowels. Try to use this if available.
(*) PC-860: Portuguese
(*) PC-863: Canadian-French
(*) PC-865: Nordic
These sets miss various Hungarian accents, esp. in upper case. Using
them for a Hungarian text makes absolutely no sense.
5.2.2.2 ISO character sets
These character sets are specified by ISO standards. As far as ALL
(not only Hungarian) accented vowels concerned, ISO 8859/1, 2 & 9 is
equivalent to Windows Latin 1, 2 & 5 respectively.
(*) ISO 8859/1:
(*) ISO 8859/3:
Contain all the accented vowels but ?3. Substitute them with ?^.
(*) ISO 8859/2:
Contains all the accented vowels. Try to use this if available.
Fonts for iso-8859-2 (and some other) character sets can be found at
for various operation systems, and at
(mirrored at
and
) mostly for Unix. There is
material for Hungarianizing the Linux (and possibly other Unix variant)
operation system at .
5.2.2.3 Others
The following character sets are supported by various laser printers.
Roman-8 bears special importance as being the default character set of
many printers.
(*) Ventura International & Roman-8:
(*) MC Text:
Contain all the accented vowels but ?3. Substitute them with ?^.
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 5.2.3 Text formatting languages
The text formatting languages listed below, beyond their powerful text
formatting capabilities, also include the specification of [almost] all
the accented characters. These languages give an alternative way of
dealing with accents in 7-bit ASCII, especially if the software that
can display, print or convert these representations is available.
[Unlike notations in 5.2.1, the "raw" files of these languages are not
intended to be read by ordinary users.]
5.2.3.1 [La]TeX.
Invented by D. E. Knuth, TeX (pronounce as [tech]; 'X' denotes the
Greek letter 'chi'), and the macro collection based on it, LaTeX, are
today's most popular text formatting languages for document creation
and DTP.
To continue with the same example,
\"{O}t h\H{u}t\H{o}h\'{a}zb\'{o}l k\'{e}rt\"{u}nk sz\'{\i}nh\'{u}st
\'{a}rv\'{\i}zt\H{u}r\H{o} t\"{u}k\"{o}rf\'{u}r\'{o}g\'{e}p
\"{O}t sz\'{e}p sz\H{u}zl\'{a}ny \H{o}r\"{u}lt \'{i}r\'{o}t ny\'{u}z
This is meant to be printed with TeX or previewed as a dvi file.
Wholly unambiguous, can be automatically converted to/from several
other formats (see 5.2.6). Also check the babel system for LaTeX with
the Hungarian specific option, available from FTP sites kth.se or
goya.dit.upm.es.
5.2.3.2 HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
Unfortunately, the HTML-2 standard still does not contain notation for
Hungarumlaut (long umlaut, double acute). We use tilde or circumflex
instead. The preferred notation is o with tilde õ and u with
circumflex û. In the example above,
Öt hûtõházból kértünk
színhúst
árvíztûrõ
tükörfúrógép
Öt szép szûzlány õrült
írót nyúz
5.2.3.3 RTF (Rich Text Format)
This standard is widespread among Microsoft word processors. For
non-ASCII characters it uses the following coding:
\'XX
where XX is the code of the given ISO 8859/2 (or PC-852 for Word for
DOS) character in hexadecimal.
5.2.3.4 Adobe PostScript
It is a universal standard for describing any kind of graphics,
including fonts, but it is aimed at producing the final (typically
printed) copy of documents and not at word-processing per se. For a
starter document see or
or
.
If one has the right accented fonts sets then, in theory, the output is
transferable between different machines - but often we run into hurdles
in practice.
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 5.2.4 Microcomputer products: The word processors
Different word processors on different microcomputers use several
proprietary internal control sequences to handle accented characters,
as much as other symbols, and other text formatting commands. If you
want to transfer a document like this, you have to convert this [very
probably] binary file (8-bit ASCII with all kinds of binary crap) to
text (7-bit ASCII), see 5.2.5.1, unless your mailer can handle binary
directly, see 5.2.5.2. Make sure, however, that the recipient of your
document also possesses the same or equivalent word processor, or a
word processor supporting the format you used.
It might happen that you want to use your document in another word
processing system, or a plain text editor. Today's word processors
offer conversion to a few formats, and also pure text with different
character sets (5.2.2). The resulting file, if necessary, can be
converted further to 7-bit ASCII as shown in 5.2.6. (The output is
already 7-bit ASCII in Microsoft's RTF, see 5.2.3.3.)
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 5.2.5 Switching binary to ASCII and vice versa
5.2.5.1 Uuencode & uudecode
The easiest and most popular way of conversion between binary and
ASCII is the use of the twin sisters uuencode and uudecode. These
programs were created originally for Unix ('uu' stands for Unix to
Unix), but today they are implemented under most platforms.
Uuencode makes an ASCII file out of a binary one, forming 61 character
long lines to avoid problems excessively long lines can cause in the
different mailer agents. This conversion increases the size of the file
by 40%. Warning! Understand the really goofy usage of uuencode. The
parameters specify the local & remote BINARY filenames respectively.
The encoded ASCII result is sent to the standard output, it has to be
redirected into a file explicitly. (E.g. uuencode myface.gif myface.gif
> myface.uue )
Uudecode converts the encoded ASCII file back to binary. It is smart:
using the "begin" and "end" tags placed in the encoded file, uudecode
is able to retrieve the encoded information automatically discarding
everything before and after the tags (headers, signatures, other junk),
even if it's inserted in the middle of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Its
usage is also simple: only the input filename has to be specified; the
original filename is restored from the "begin" tag. (E.g. uudecode
yourface.mal )
5.2.5.2 MIME support
Many modern mailers support the MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions) standard being able to transfer different file formats
beyond plain text. In this case the ASCII/binary conversion is the
mailer's internal affair. Some mailers make explicit calls to uuencode
and uudecode, some others (e.g. PINE) have different built in
conversion algorithms, trying to choose the most appropriate one for
the given binary file. (One type of MIME encoding substitutes an
unprintable character by its code in hexadecimal, preceded by an =
sign. That's why you often see them splattered around.) In either case,
however, the user is not responsible for the conversion, the mailer
takes care of it automatically.
5.2.5.3 Binhex
BinHex files are 7-bit ASCII text files, typically used for encoding
Macintosh binaries. Conversion is done by various applications, see eg.
.
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 5.2.6 Translating between various accent formats
From the HIX archives (see section 3) the following programs are
available. The regular location is
, though
you should also check
for updates. At the time of this writing the SENDDOC archive is
extremely ill-organized and outdated in many parts, including,
unfortunately, the 'new' directory.
Warning! From abroad always access the HIX archives via
,
,
, or 'finger senddoc@www.hix.com'
(the latter only works for text, and you may have to redirect it to a
pager or file). The mirror at is updated only at
certain periods of time, also there is a limited bandwidth on the lines
connecting Hungary to the world (see section 4).
5.2.6.1 ekezettelenites
Gabor Toth's UNIX shell script for deleting unwanted accents from mail
files.
5.2.6.2 etex
Gabor Toth's shareware C source code for converting the marking or
numerical accent notation to TeX-format. It also claims to be capable
of hyphenation. Supports the UNIX platform.
5.2.6.3 hion
Peter Verhas's C source code. It's an improved version of etex, as it
reduces the probability of incorrect hyphenation with some built-in
exception library. Hion is able to do the conversion between the
numerical (or, redefining each accent mark, also the marking) accent
notation & TeX-format, and remove accents if the input is an accent
notation. Read his documentation. Supported platforms: VMS, MS-DOS,
UNIX. Available from
or .
5.2.6.4 drtc.c
Peter Verhas's freeware C source for conversion between text and RTF
(Rich Text Format), character sets ISO 8852/2 (Latin 2), PC-852 (Latin
2) and CWI. The program attempts to find out the inbound format
automatically, RTF or text as well as used character set. The outbound
format is the same as the inbound format, the program changes only the
character set. In other words, the program does not convert from RTF ot
text or from text to RTF. Supported platforms: VMS, MS-DOS, & UNIX and
other platforms supporting ANSI C.
5.2.6.5 hun.c
Gabor Ligeti's freeware C source code for accent removal and
conversion between the marking & numerical accent notation, TeX-format
and PC-852 (Latin 2) codepage. Warning! Conversion capabilities are not
orthogonal, type hun /? for the supported conversions. No platform
limitations are indicated.
5.2.6.6 MAXENT.UUE_V6.0a
Peter Csaszar's freeware C source code compressed with pkzip & encoded
with uuencode (see 5.2.5.1). Warning! As of 6/12/95, the HIX gopher's
/HIX/SENDDOC/info/programs directory still contains 'maxent.c', the
very old version V1.4 of Maxent. Don't touch this file, go for version
V6.0a, currently in .
Maxent provides 100% orthogonality in conversion between any of the
accent notations listed in 5.2.1 but telegraphic style, and any of the
character sets listed in 5.2.2, allowing multiple notations in the
input file. The domain of conversion includes 6 vowels and 6 accent
types, applying therefore a house rule extension of the marking and
numerical accent notations. (Hoping that this extension becomes widely
accepted, no longer remaining a house rule.) Language accent profiles
other than the default Hungarian can be selected. Further accent
services include accent notation escaping & de-escaping (see 5.2.1.1),
and flexible substitution of the o3 etc. characters.
Beyond some little services, the rest of the major features provide
comprehensive retabulation strategies, full newline conversion
capabilities and script file execution (ideal for maintaining mail
folders after download).
The help given by the program can be saved into a file by typing
maxent -h0 > maxent.hlp . Print this file for fancy bedtime reading.
Maxent supports only the MS-DOS environment, and should be compiled by
a Borland C compiler. This is the sacrifice for the extensive services
provided.
5.2.6.7 ekezet.dot
Via anonymous , you can
find Kornel Umann's WinWord template capable of many kinds of
conversion. Also find other goodies in the directory above.
5.2.6.8 hixiso
Olivier Clary's Unix scripts for converting accented text appearing
on HIX are at .
- - ------------------------------
Subject: 5.3 Information sources pertaining to the rest of Central Europe
This section is by no means to be comprehensive. For a big but dated
(1992) list see
.
Both OMRI and CET cover the general region in their news. See Section
1.1 and 1.2, respectively.
To complement the HUNGARY list (see Section 1.7), at the same listserv
at Buffalo there exist the Middle European discussion list MIDEUR-L as
well as POLAND-L and SLOVAK-L. Send the usual command to
(or simply LISTSERV@UBVM on
BITNET):
SUBSCRIBE listname-L Yourfirstname Yourlastname.
On Usenet there is soc.culture.romanian, soc.culture.czecho-slovak,
soc.culture.polish, and the gatewayed bit.listserv.mideur-l and
bit.listserv.slovak-l; bit.listserv.hungary has been established, but
many sites do not have it. The surest way to receive everything is via
email. If you prefer using Usenet newsreaders you find HIX's HUNGARY
digests posted to soc.culture.magyar (which group does not seem to
suffer the poor propagation affecting some of the bit.listserv
groups). Please notice that while the listserv groups are
bi-directionally gatewayed, i.e. posts to them get propagated back to
the original mailing list, the posts coming from HIX to
soc.culture.magyar are mere copies of the mailing list messages - do
not reply to the newgroups since your answer won't reach the email
readers (who constitute a likely large majority).
Speaking of limitations of distribution be aware that some commercial
Internet connection providers (most blatantly American Online)
established their own groups with topics overlapping existing Usenet
hierarchy. The utility of these local groups is seriously limited since
they are, unlike the open real Usenet newsgroups such as those
mentioned above, unavailable to anyone but their own subscribers (i.e.
a small domestic fraction of all the Internet/Usenet users worldwide).
Please do not post to non-local groups saying how nice would be to use
these specialized forums - we can not. Use the newsgroup
soc.culture.magyar or the mailing lists!
The Central European Regional Research Organization (CERRO) can be
joined at with the command
SUBSCRIBE CERRO-L Firstname Lastname. This is a scholarly group that
deposits papers and the like in an electronic archive in Vienna. The
archive is accessible with anonymous , or with
.
The Eastern Europe Business Network (e-europe@pucc.princeton.edu) is
primarily remarkable for its size (1700+ subscribers). Messages tend to
be brief bursts of announcements, questions and, unsurprisingly, calls
for or queries about business. The list is administered by Yale's Civic
Education Project (Chris Owen, ). To
subscribe, send a message to the address
that has
subscribe e-europe YourFirstName YourLastName
in its body.
The repository for Voice of America material, accessible with
, also contains some information and news
items relevant to the region.
Check the NATO archive for goodies: .
The Slovakia Document Store will answer all your questions about
Slovakia: on the World Wide Web, , via
, via , via
gophermail: send a message with Subject: HELP
.
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Subject: 5.4 Hungarian radio and television broadcasts available
See the separate document "Hungarian broadcast information FAQ",
available at as well
as in the Usenet archives.
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Subject: 6. CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS FAQ
(the order is alphabetical by last name)
Beke Tibor general layout, 2.1, 5.3
Bruner, Rick 1.3
Csaszar Peter 5.1, 5.2
Fabian Peter 3.1, 4.1, 4.4
Fekete Zoli much of the rest
Hewes, Cameron 1.2
Hollo Kriszta 4.2
Saghi-Szabo Gotthard , section 1.8
Toth, Joseph , section 2.3
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